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IAT Journal Animal Technology and Welfare G Tick over colonies has time expired G Enrichment Awareness and Uptake Workshop Report G Congress 2018 Posters Part 2 Official Journal of the Institute of Animal Technology and European Federation of Animal Technologists ISSN 1742 0385 Vol 17 No 3 December 2018

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 26 Page i CONTENTS Vol 17 No 3 December 2018 Editorial Jas Barley Chair of the Editorial Board ix Time s up for tick over colonies Do we now need to maintain so many GA mouse lines Stuart Newman and Stephen Woodley 155 PAPER SUMMARY TRANSLATIONS 159 TECH 2 TECH Report of the Enrichment Awareness and Uptake Workshop 2018 Joanne King 163 CONGRESS 2018 ABSTRACTS 169 POSTER PRESENTATIONS Resolution to the challenges faced by technicians to work at height and the ergonomics within isolators Selina Hopkins Diane Hazlehurst and Adam Pullen 175 Developing a user friendly experimental request form to refine study planning Casey Collins Francesca Flack and Carl Shannon 182 Implantation of rat vascular access button in G ttingen minipigs Adrian Zeltner and Anja Grimm 186 A pig s tale travelling in style Lindsey Duckett Louise Phelon and Lionel Wheeler 189 Ultrasound to UltraSee The use of ultrasound to determine pregnancy in mice Kirsty Kemp 193 A novel approach for a more efficient mopping system Michelle Wallace Fields Jamie Tackett Laura Richardson and Jori Leszczynski 196 Three little pigs straw sticks and bricks I ll blow your house down Lindsey Duckett Louise Phelon and Lionel Wheeler 201 I3S software as a refinement technique to identify individuals within a captive Scyliorhinus canicula population Charlotte McMurray Natasha Allen Sam Hook Anna Verissmo Timo Moritz and Holly Shiels 204 Training and development opportunities and expectations for biological research facility staff Helen Bailey 206 Setting up a Containment Level 2 area the process and challenges involved Alexandra Dale 211 The 7 Ws a framework for using study sheets to improve animal welfare Joy Penson R C Thomas P A Jones I N Ricketts C R Penson and Caroline Chadwick 215 Mice and me 218 Book Reviews 219 Instructions to Authors 223 i

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 26 Page ii IAT REPRESENTATIVES OFFICERS President Dr Robin Lovell Badge CBE FRS Immediate Past President Professor Sir Richard Gardner MA PhD FRSB FIAT Hon FRS Vice Presidents David Anderson MRCVS Stephen Barnett BA MSc FIAT Hon CBiol FRSB RAnTech Miles Carroll PhD Brian Cass CBE Gerald Clough BSc PhD EurBiol CBiol MRSB SFZSL Paul Flecknell MA Vet MB PhD DLAS DipLECVA MRCVS FIAT Hon Penny Hawkins PhD BSc Wendy Jarrett MA Judy MacArthur Clark CBE BVMS DLAS FRSB DVMS h c DipECLAM FRAgS DipACLAM MRCVS Fiona McEwen BSc BVM S MSc MRCVS Tim Morris BVetMed PhD DipACLAM DipECLAM CBiol FRSB CertLAS MRCVS Jos Orellana BVSc MSc Clive Page OBE PhD BSc Jan Bas Prins PhD MSc Vicky Robinson CBE BSc PhD Gail Thompson RLATG Robert Weichbrod PhD RLATG Life Members Charlie Chambers MIAT RAnTech Roger Francis MSC FIAT RAnTech Pete Gerson MSc FIAT RAnTech Cathy Godfrey FIAT RAnTech John Gregory BSc Hons FIAT CBiol FRSB RAnTech Patrick Hayes FIAT DipBA RAnTech Robert Kemp FIAT Hon RAnTech Phil Ruddock MIAT RAnTech Ted Wills HonFIAT RAnTech Honorary Members Mark Gardiner MIAT RAnTech Andy Jackson MIAT Sarah Lane MSc FIAT Brian Lowe MSc FIAT RAnTech Sue McHugh BSc FIAT Norman Mortell BA Hons MIAT RAnTech Terry Priest MBE FIAT RAnTech Trevor Richards BEM MIAT David Spillane FIAT Wendy Steel Pete Willan DMS FInstLM MIAT Members of Council Ken Applebee OBE Matthew Bilton Kally Booth Charlie Chambers Steven Cubitt Simon Cumming Haley Daniels Glyn Fisher Nicky Gent Cathy Godfrey Alan Graham Nathan Hill Linda Horan Sam Jameson Elaine Kirkum Adele Kitching Theresa Langford Sylvie Mehigan Steve Owen Alan Palmer Allan Thornhill John Waters Lynda Westall Carole Wilson Adrian Woodhouse Council Officers Chair Ken Applebee OBE FIAT CBiol FRSB RAnTech Vice Chair Linda Horan BSc Hons MIAT RAnTech Honorary Secretary Linda Horan BSc Hons MIAT RAnTech Honorary Treasurer Charlie Chambers MIAT RAnTech Assistant Treasurer Glyn Fisher FIAT RAnTech Chair Board of Educational Policy Glyn Fisher FIAT RAnTech Chair Board of Moderators Haley Daniels MBA MSc MIAT RAnTech CIPD Chair Registration Accreditation Board Ken Applebee OBE FIAT CBiol FRSB RAnTech ATW Editor Jas Barley MSc FIAT RAnTech Bulletin Editor Carole Wilson BSc MIAT Branch Liaison Officer Lynda Westall BSc Hons FIAT DMS RAnTech EFAT Representative Charlie Chambers MIAT RAnTech Website Coordinator Allan Thornhill FIAT RAnTech Animal Welfare Officers and LABA Representatives Matthew Bilton Kally Booth Simon Cumming Nicky Gent Sylvie Mehigan John Waters ATW Bulletin Editorial Board Jas Barley Chair Matthew Bilton Nicky Gent Patrick Hayes Elaine Kirkum Carole Wilson Lynda Westall Board of Educational Policy Glyn Fisher Chair Steven Cubitt Secretary Adele Kitching Board of Moderators Haley Daniels Chair Simon Cumming Cathy Godfrey Moderators Anthony Iglesias Theresa Langford Jenny Parks Sarah Reed Communications Group Adrian Woodhouse Chair Nathan Hill Elaine Kirkum Teresa Langford Sylvie Mehigan Allan Thornhill Lynda Westall CPD Officer Charlie Chambers Registration and Accreditation Board Ken Applebee Chair Charlie Chambers John Gregory Cathy Godfrey Gerald Clough Kathy Ryder Home Office Stuart Stevenson Observers Charles Gentry Certificate Holders Forum Ngaire Dennison LAVA Congress Committee Alan Graham Chair Haley Daniels Linda Horan Adele Kitching Allan Thornhill John Waters Diversity Officer Haley Daniels MBA MSc MIAT RAnTech CIPD UK Biosciences ASG Representative Home Office Steve Owen Charlie Chambers Alan Palmer IAT OFFICERS MAY BE CONTACTED VIA IAT Administrator admin iat org uk OR VIA THE IAT WEBSITE AT www iat org uk OR VIA THE REGISTERED OFFICE 5 South Parade Summertown Oxford OX2 7JL Advertisement Managers PRC Associates Ltd Email mail prcassoc co uk Although every effort is made to ensure that no inaccurate or misleading data opinion or statement appear in the journal the Institute of Animal Technology wish to expound that the data and opinions appearing in the articles poster presentations and advertisements in ATW are the responsibility of the contributor and advertiser concerned Accordingly the IAT Editor and their agents accept no liability whatsoever for the consequences of any such inaccurate or misleading data opinion statement or advertisement being published Furthermore the opinions expressed in the journal do not necessarily reflect those of the Editor or the Institute of Animal Technology 2018 Institute of Animal Technology All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced without permission from the publisher BRANCH SECRETARIES 2018 Cambridge Edinburgh Hertfordshire Essex Huntingdon Suffolk Norfolk Ireland London Midlands North East England North West Oxford Surrey Hampshire Sussex West Middlesex West of Scotland ii Sarah Shorne Janice Young Joanna Cruden Jo Martin Lisa Watson Rebecca Towns Ian Fielding Rachel Sandy and Joanne Bland Nicky Windows April Shipton Francesca Whitmore Josefine Morsing Linda Horan cambridgebranch iat org uk edinburghbranch iat org uk hertsessexbranch iat org uk hssbranch iat org uk irelandbranch iat org uk londonbranch iat org uk midlandsbranch iat org uk northeastbranch iat org uk cheshirebranch iat org uk oxfordbranch iat org uk shsbranch iat org uk westmiddxbranch iat org uk westscotlandbranch iat org uk

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December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 26 Page iv

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December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 26 Page vi The IAT Career Pathway The IAT ensures that every single Animal Technologist has access to the best training and opportunities to develop their capabilities This Pathway is designed to guide you through the different stages of a career in animal technology and ensure these high standards are upheld across the UK and abroad Please note that timelines can vary depending upon the organisation and the promotional opportunities

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 26 Page vii

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 26 Page viii

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 26 Page ix December 2018 Animal Technology and Welfare THE INSTITUTE OF ANIMAL TECHNOLOGY ETHICAL STATEMENT Our purpose is to advance knowledge and promote excellence in the care and welfare of animals in science and to enhance the standards and status of those professionally engaged in the care welfare and use of animals in science Editorial Jas Barley Chair of the Editorial Board It takes a lot of effort to produce Animal Technology and Welfare ATW approximately 71 000 words for each issue for a start Most of all it takes people there is Jon at the printers who converts my formatted text into print and puts up with my late delivery of material to him Kirsty gets each issue onto the presses and into the post Nikki compiles the mailing lists and orders the print run so that there are sufficient copies for everyone and adjusts this to meet demand for extra copies if the Institute has a stand at an event Sue is responsible primarily for advertising and layout but also acts as our professional proof reader and listens to me having a rant about the latest problem with the issue I also have a series of specialists I can call on to peer review articles checking technical and scientific detail and advising on presentation etc where necessary Finally there is the Congress Committee who chase all the presenters from each year s Congress for copies of their posters and other presentations with mixed success I must add However most of all it takes authors i e YOU I know that many of you have not received a great deal of training in scientific writing although with the higher education programme that is changing and that is where the editor role comes into play An editor will help you to polish your writing correcting grammar and presentation as necessary and putting your work into the format required by the printers without changing the voice of your work All of this is produced to a schedule that is formulated by the printer to enable each issue to land on your desk as close to the publication date as possible So what goes wrong you do It seems to be the popular opinion amongst Animal Technologists that most of your work is not sufficiently high tech to warrant publication Sometimes it is the simplest ideas that have the most impact for example use of environmental enrichment it has a major impact on the environment and welfare of an animal but is generally as low tech as it is possible to be There is also the fact that ATW goes to over 28 countries worldwide and not all of our readers are working in a high tech environment or have the resources to obtain some of the sophisticated equipment used by many of us in developed countries I know that most of you are very busy at work but many of the articles and other material published in ATW evolve from college projects or are reproductions of posters that have been displayed at Congress and other meetings and the hard work by you has already been done Adapting posters involves very little effort on the author s part In most cases all you have to do is send me your poster or project and I will do the rest usually only requiring a final check by you to ensure that I have not changed or missed anything important Articles can be formal or an informal Tech to Tech and there is nothing to stop you collaborating with a supplier to produce an article on an innovative product alternatively you can encourage them to produce something themselves if you really do not feel up to writing yourself Review articles are also important as when you are researching a new area of interest new slants on the subject are discovered which are important to pass onto other technologists Authors who have successfully made the transition from presenter to writer in this issue include Stuart Newman and Stephen Woodley who describe how modern technologies can help reduce the number of unused Genetically Altered GA animals needed to maintain a strain Reports of meetings are also important to readers of our Journal as much as we may wish to we cannot all get to every event so by taking the time to write a report of a meeting such as the one by Joanne King on a meeting concerning Enrichment awareness and uptake the value of the meeting has been spread much further afield than just the lucky delegates who were able to attend This issue Posters from Congress as always cover many diverse topics ranging from the problems of working at height in isolators and the associated ergonomics from the team at the Wellcome Sanger Institute a refined system for infusion and blood sampling in the Gottingen minipig by Adrian Zeltner and Anja Grimm and a novel approach to floor cleaning from Michelle Wallace Fields and her team at the University of Colorado Michelle was the 2018 USA recipient of the AAALAC International Fellowship Award which is also open to UK technologists Other posters also describe pig handling and housing approaches Ultrasound determination of pregnancy in mice and software used to identify animals within a captive shark population amongst other topics Finally there are two book reviews one discusses a Laboratory Animal Science book from China and the other on the healing effects of the presence and touch of animals from the USA never let it be said that ATW is only about mice ix

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December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 155 December 2018 Animal Technology and Welfare Time s up for tick over colonies Do we now need to maintain so many GA mouse lines STUART NEWMAN and STEPHEN WOODLEY King s College London Research Management and Innovation Directorate Biological Services Unit King s College London New Hunt s House London SE1 1UL Correspondence stephen woodley kcl ac uk Platform Presentation at IAT Congress 2018 Abstract Introduction The practice of continually breeding lines to maintain them as a live resource either in between studies or indefinitely just in case is common practice in many animal facilities This process of ticking over colonies has historically occurred due to the unavailability or unreliability of archiving services coupled to the economic cost associated with the processes The advent of reliable sperm cr yopreser vation and associated recovery processes has now eliminated most reasons to not archive lines Genetically altered GA mice are an important model organism with valuable mutations being created each year In 2016 the Home Office statistics1 showed that 1 650 514 mice were returned under creation and breeding of GA animals not used in experimental procedures The appointment of the Manager of Embr yology Services within King s College London KCL Biological Services coupled with the technical support by the Animal Technologists has permitted rapid and efficient archiving which in turn has led to the substantial reduction in tick over colonies Between September 2015 and October 2017 various subsidy incentives were offered to research groups resulting in over 350 lines being cryopreserved with 97 removed as a live resource This is a significant ethical refinement as it is estimated to have prevented the breeding of an additional 4 000 mice per year Other benefits include releasing of cage space for scientific research and the accommodation of new mouse lines The culture throughout small laborator y animal establishments to maintain tick over colonies has been successfully challenged by centrally subsidised and targeted archiving throughout KCL Biological Services Units BSUs which has in turn facilitated further scientific work Ethically and financially incentivised archiving is a noteworthy indication of our commitment to implementing the 3Rs across King s College London Key words Mouse cryopreservation 3Rs tick over animal welfare It has been common practice for genetically altered mice to be maintained as a live resource partly due to archiving costs and associated efficiencies but also due to poor colony management The process of ticking over colonies indefinitely is now unnecessary The process of indefinite tick over colonies is poor practice for many reasons 1 Unnecessary production and killing of animals the process of ticking over colonies is unethical as animals are produced without being used for scientific purposes 2 Financially costly long term holding of even small numbers of mice is costly compared to cryopreservation of a colony 3 Poor genetic integrity maintaining small closed colonies speeds up genetic drift and the likelihood of fixing new random mutations in a population of mice 4 Poor Culture of Care culling animals which are a result of tick over colonies is incredibly stressful to all personnel Reducing the instances improves morale of staff which in turn improves the culture of care within an establishment Tick over colonies also indicate a lack of awareness within good colony management practice Reducing tick over colonies has a number of benefits including but not limited to 3Rs reducing the number 155

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 156 Times up for tick over colonies Do we now need to maintain so many GA mouse lines of mice produced reduced cage occupancy creates additional space for current scientific research improved staff morale reduced risk of losing colony business continuity In some cases tick over colonies are permitted where waiting for a publication feedback e g may have to repeat work future use is imminent so maintaining a live colony results in less overall harm number of mice produced procedures etc where archiving attempts have been unsuccessful or are currently ongoing The appointment of the Manager of Embr yology Ser vices within King s College London Biological Services coupled with the technical support by the Animal Technologists has permitted rapid and efficient archiving which in turn has led to the substantial reduction in tick over colonies To improve the uptake of the services available Biological Services Animal Technologists throughout KCL highlighted lines which were being ticked over and proactively engaged in discussion with colony owners and managers to encourage archiving Facility wide rederivation projects are taking place across KCL to improve the health status throughout the establishment To accomplish the rederivation project s cryopreservation formed a key part of the strategy Archiving cryopreserved material in advance permits the rapid and efficient recovery when new clean refurbished areas are opened This strategy also benefits colony management and business continuity Because the rederivation work that is being performed is in the interest of animal welfare and improved research KCL Management agreed to subsidise the costs so Biological Services could offer the service free of charge to research groups Cryopreservation To archive mouse colonies we have used established protocols to cryopreserve both sperm3 and embryos 4 Significant advances have been made over the past 15 years which help optimise the cryopreservation of murine sperm4 and subsequent in vitro fertilisation methodology5 6 7 offering a quick efficient and robust method to archive mutant mouse models on a range of genetic backgrounds using a minimal number of mice However sperm freezing may not be appropriate if a line is from a mixed or unknown genetic background that needs to be maintained also if there are multiple or homozygous mutations which need to be maintained It has therefore been necessary in some cases to archive preimplantation embryos In our hands it is more efficient to generate embryos by in vitro fertilisation not only does this give us a higher yield per donor female but also avoids the breeding and maintenance associated with requiring a stud bank Discussion Case presentation High staff morale can provide several benefits to any organisation or business such as improved productivity focus and more Because of the cryopreservation process animal care staff were able to reduce the number of instances where animals were culled which had not previously undergone a scientific procedure other than breeding and maintenance Reducing tickover colonies has enabled animal care staff to focus greater time to animal welfare and the personal development of their careers This also helps to maintain a good culture of care for staff to work within and consequently greater productivity Between the dates of November 2015 and November 2017 various incentives have been available to help reduce the number of mouse colonies being tickedover within KCL Whilst establishing the Embryology services RMID Biological Services provided financial support to gather proof of concept of newly available services the subsidies also acted as an incentive for the use of these services promoting good colony management Proof of concept the first fifteen sperm and embryo cr yopreser vation sessions were provided free of charge Subsidised archiving half price archiving for all lines for eighteen months where the line is being removed as a live resource or for three months if the line is being maintained as a live resource 156 Since the establishment of the embryology services up to November 2017 more than 350 mouse lines had been cryopreserved with 97 being removed as a live resource We estimate this has prevented the breeding of roughly 4 000 mice per year based on the assumption of that each tick over colony would contain 1 2 breeding pairs with a litter produced every 6 8 weeks In total 7 327 embryos have been cryopreserved in 346 straws and 5 900 sperm aliquots have been archived The uptake and distribution of cr yopreser vation requests peaked through Q2 and Q3 2016 perhaps due to research groups utilising the discounted offers available Subsequent request numbers stabilised moving forward indicating confidence and satisfaction with the techniques available Due to the large number of colonies being removed as a live resource there has been an impact on financial income We believe this is an important area to discuss although it should not be considered as a limiting factor Following this large scale cr yopreser vation programme the depar tment saw a reduction of

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 157 Times up for tick over colonies Do we now need to maintain so many GA mouse lines 171 550 per year on mouse maintenance income across the seven BSUs influence of reduced glutathione in fertilization medium on the fertility of in vitro matured C57BL 6 mouse oocytes Theriogenology 80 5 421 6 We did however see an increase on procedure income of 59 from embryology services and experimental procedures performed by staff in New Hunt s House BSU Conclusion The culture throughout small laborator y animal establishments to maintain tick over colonies has been successfully and amicably challenged by subsidised and targeted archiving throughout KCL Biological Services The successful programme has reduced unnecessary breeding and maintenance of mice provided further time for Animal Technologist development CPD created space for internal customers and external therapeutics companies KCL Biological Services staff continue to actively advise colony managers owners for improved breeding programmes both to maintain genetic integrity and prevent over breeding Acknowledgements We would like to thank all Biological Services staff and colony managers who have contributed towards this work also the Research Management and Innovation Directorate Biological Ser vices for providing the resources to facilitate this work References 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Home Office 2017 Annual Statistics of Scientific Procedures on Living Animals Great Britain 2016 Russell W M S and Burch R L 1959 as reprinted 1992 The principles of humane experimental technique Wheathampstead UK Universities Federation for Animal Welfare Ostermeier G C Wiles M V Farley J S and Taft R A 2008 Conserving distributing and managing genetically modified mouse lines by sperm cryopreservation PloS One 3 7 e2792 Renard J P and Babinet C 1984 High survival of mouse embryos after rapid freezing and thawing inside plastic straws with 1 2 propanediol as cryoprotectant The Journal of Experimental Zoology 230 3 443 448 Takeo T and Nakagata N 2010 Combination medium of cr yoprotective agents containing L glutamine and methyl beta cyclodextrin in a preincubation medium yields a high fertilization rate for cryopreserved C57BL 6J mouse sperm Laboratory Animals 44 2 132 7 Takeo T and Nakagata N 2011 Reduced Glutathione Enhances Fertility of Frozen Thawed C57BL 6 Mouse Sperm after Exposure to Methyl Beta Cyclodextrin Biology of Reproduction 85 5 1066 1072 Ishizuka Y Nishimura M Matsumoto K Miyashita M Takeo T and Nakagata N et al 2013 The 157

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December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 159 December 2018 Animal Technology and Welfare PAPER SUMMARY TRANSLATIONS INHALTVERZEICHNIS Schluss mit der Vorratshaltung M ssen wir wirklich immer noch so viele Linien genetisch ver nderter M use f hren STUART NEWMAN und STEPHEN WOODLEY King s College London Research Management and Innovation Directorate Biological Services Unit King s College London New Hunt s House London SE1 1UL Korrespondenz stephen woodley kcl ac uk Abstract Die kontinuierliche Z chtung von Linien zur Vorratshaltung von Lebendressourcen zwischen Studien oder auf unbestimmte Zeit f r den Fall der F lle ist eine in vielen Tiereinrichtungen bliche Praxis Dieser Prozess der st ndigen Erhaltung von Zuchtlinien ist historisch bedingt aufgrund von Nichtverf gbarkeit oder Unzuverl ssigkeit von Archivierungsdiensten sowie der wirtschaftlichen Kosten der Verfahren Mit der Einf hrung einer zuverl ssigen Spermakryokonservierung und der damit verbundenen Revitalisierungsprozesse haben sich inzwischen jedoch die meisten Gr nde f r eine Nichtarchivierung von Zuchtlinien er brigt Die Ernennung des Leiters f r Embryologiedienste der Abteilung Biological Services im King s College London KCL erm glichte in Verbindung mit der fachlichen Unterst tzung durch die Tiertechnologen eine schnelle und effiziente Archivierung die wiederum zu einer erheblichen Reduzierung der Vorratshaltung gef hrt hat Zwischen September 2015 und Oktober 2017 wurden Forschergruppen verschiedene F rdermittel geboten mit dem Ergebnis der Kryokonservierung von ber 350 Linien und der Eliminierung von 97 Linien als Lebendressourcen Dies ist eine wesentliche ethische Verbesserung durch die sich die Zucht von gesch tzten weiteren 4000 M usen pro Jahr er brigt hat Weitere Vorteile sind die Freigabe von K figfl chen f r die Forschung und die Unterbringung neuer Mauslinien Die bis dato allgemein in kleineren Versuchstiereinrichtungen verfolgte Methode der Vorratshaltung wurde mit einer zentral subventionierten und gezielten Archivierung in den Biological Services Units BSUs des KCL erfolgreich infrage gestellt was wiederum M glichkeiten weiterer wissenschaftlicher Arbeit er ffnet hat Die ethisch und finanziell motivierte Archivierung belegt unser Engagement zur Umsetzung des 3R Prinzips im King s College London Schlagw rter Maus Kryokonservierung 3R Prinzip Vorratshaltung Tierschutz 159

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 160 Animal Technology and Welfare December 2018 CONTENU DE LA REVUE Non au maintien d un minimum de colonies Est il toujours n cessaire de maintenir de lign es de souris GM STUART NEWMAN et STEPHEN WOODLEY King s College London Research Management and Innovation Directorate Biological Services Unit King s College London New Hunt s House Londres SE1 1UL R sum L levage continu de lign es afin de les maintenir comme ressources vivantes soit entre tudes soit ind finiment juste au cas o est une pratique commune dans de nombreuses structures animali res Historiquement ce processus de maintien d un minimum de colonies est d la non disponibilit ou la non fiabilit des services d archivage ainsi qu aux co ts conomiques associ s aux processus L arriv e de techniques de cryoconservation de spermatozo des fiables et des processus de r cup ration connexes a d sormais permis d liminer la plupart des raisons justifiant de ne pas archiver de lign es La nomination du Responsable des Services d embryologie au sein des services biologiques de King s College London KCL associ e au soutien technique des techniciens animaliers a permis un archivage rapide et efficace qui a son tour contribu r duire consid rablement le maintien de colonies Entre septembre 2015 et octobre 2017 divers programmes d incitation subventionn s ont t propos s des groupes de recherche et ont permis de cryoconserver plus de 350 lign es en en supprimant 97 des ressources vivantes Il s agit l d une am lioration thique consid rable car l on estime qu elle a permis d viter l levage de 4000 souris suppl mentaires par an Les autres avantages comprennent la lib ration de l espace de cage pour la recherche scientifique et l h bergement de nouvelles lign es de souris La culture du maintien d un minimum de colonies de souris au sein des petites installations d animaux de laboratoire a t remise en question avec succ s par un archivage cibl et centralement subventionn au sein de toutes les Unit s de services biologiques BSU de KCL ce qui a permis de faciliter d autres travaux scientifiques L archivage incit du point de vue thique et financier constitue une indication notable de notre engagement en faveur de la mise en uvre des 3R au King s College London Mots cl s Souris cryoconservation 3R maintien de colonies bien tre des animaux 160

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 161 December 2018 Animal Technology and Welfare INDICE DE LA REVISTA El fin de mantener colonias con vida Realmente tenemos que mantener tantas l neas de ratones GA STUART NEWMAN y STEPHEN WOODLEY King s College London Research Management and Innovation Directorate Biological Services Unit King s College London New Hunt s House Londres SE1 1UL Correspondencia stephen woodley kcl ac uk Resumen La pr ctica de criar continuamente l neas para mantenerlas como un recurso vivo tanto entre estudios como de forma indefinida por si acaso es pr ctica habitual en muchas instalaciones de animales Este proceso de mantener con vida colonias ha ocurrido hist ricamente debido a la no disponibilidad o no fiabilidad de servicios de almacenamiento junto con los costes econ micos asociados a los procesos La llegada de una crioconservaci n de esperma fiable y unos procesos de recuperaci n asociados ha eliminado ya la mayor a de las razones para no almacenar l neas El nombramiento del Director de los Servicios de Embriolog a en el King s College London KCL Biological Services junto con el soporte t cnico por parte de tecn logos de animales ha permitido un almacenamiento r pido y eficaz que a su vez ha dado lugar a una reducci n significativa de las colonias mantenidas en vida Entre septiembre de 2015 y octubre de 2017 se ofrecieron varios incentivos de subvenci n a grupos de investigaci n permitiendo la crioconservaci n de m s de 350 l neas y a la eliminaci n de 97 como recursos vivos Se trata de un refinamiento tico significativo ya que se estima que ha evitado la cr a de otros 4000 ratones al a o Otras ventajas incluyen la liberaci n de espacio en jaulas para la investigaci n cient fica y la acogida de nuevas l neas de ratones La cultura extendida por los peque os laboratorios de investigaci n animal de mantener en vida colonias ha sido satisfactoriamente puesta a prueba por el almacenamiento dirigido y subvencionado centralmente a trav s de todas las KCL Biological Services Units BSU lo que a su vez ha facilitado un mayor trabajo cient fico El almacenamiento con incentivos ticos y financieros es una indicaci n significativa de nuestro compromiso por implementar las 3R en el King s College London Palabras clave Rat n crioconservaci n 3R mantener en vida bienestar animal 161

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 162 Animal Technology and Welfare December 2018 INDICE DELLA REVISTA Tempo scaduto per le colonie mantenute al minimo necessario avere un numero cos elevato di linee di topo GM STUART NEWMAN e STEPHEN WOODLEY King s College London Research Management and Innovation Directorate Biological Services Unit King s College London New Hunt s House Londra SE1 1UL Corrispondenza stephen woodley kcl ac uk Abstract L allevamento continuo di linee murine per disporne come risorsa attiva tra uno studio e l altro o a tempo indeterminato in caso di necessit una prassi comune adottata da svariate strutture per animali Questo processo di colonie mantenute al minimo una situazione storica legata alla mancata disponibilit o alla scarsa affidabilit dei servizi di archiviazione unitamente al costo economico associato a questi processi L avvento di una crioconservazione del liquido seminale pi affidabile e i relativi processi di recupero hanno estinto gran parte delle motivazioni che ostacolavano l archiviazione La nomina del Manager of Embryology Services in seno all unit Biological Services di King s College London KCL affiancata al supporto tecnico da parte degli stabularisti ha consentito un archiviazione rapida ed efficiente che a sua volta si tradotta in un notevole calo delle colonie mantenute al minimo Tra settembre 2015 e ottobre 2017 i gruppi di ricerca hanno usufruito di varie sovvenzioni trasformatesi nella crioconservazione di oltre 350 linee e nell eliminazione di 97 di quelle usate come risorsa attiva Questo indubbiamente un notevole raffinamento etico in quanto si stima che abbia prevenuto l allevamento di altri 4000 topi all anno Altri benefici includono la disponibilit di maggior spazio nelle gabbie utilizzabile per ricerche scientifiche e la sistemazione di nuove linee di topo La cultura volta a mantenere colonie al minimo adottata da piccole strutture per animali di laboratorio stata contestata con successo con un archiviazione mirata e finanziata centralmente in tutte le Biological Services Units BSU di KCL che a sua volta ha facilitato ulteriori studi scientifici Un archiviazione con incentivi etici e finanziari funge da valida testimonianza del nostro impegno verso l implementazione delle 3R nell ambito di King s College London Parole chiave topo crioconservazione 3R al minimo benessere animale 162

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 163 December 2018 Animal Technology and Welfare TECH 2 TECH Haven t the time to write a paper but want to get something published Then read on This section offers readers the opportunity to submit informal contributions about any aspects of animal technology Comments observations descriptions of new or refined techniques new products or equipment old products or equipment adapted to new use any subject that may be useful to technicians in other institutions Submissions can be presented as technical notes and do not need to be structured and can be as short or as long as is necessary Accompanying illustrations and or photos should be high resolution NB Descriptions of new products or equipment submitted by manufacturers are welcome but should be a factual account of the product However the Editorial Board gives no warranty as to the accuracy or fitness for purpose of the product Report of the Enrichment Awareness and Uptake Workshop 2018 on 26th June at College Court Leicester JOANNE KING Dundee University Medical School Resource Unit Ninewells Hospital Dundee DD1 9SY Correspondence jwking dundee ac uk The session was opened by the organisers of the event Melissa Trotam and Michaela Bayliss from the University of Leicester who wanted to make it clear that the point of the session was not to enforce judge or educate people as they do not have all the answers but to have a collaborative discussion about environmental enrichment They wanted to know people s experiences with enrichment the barriers they have faced if they have overcome any and also to share some of their own experiences Melissa and Michaela went on to explain that the code of practice recommends enrichment but is somewhat vague in describing what a standard cage should contain and that these standards are not enforceable in law Bedding and nesting material and refuges are very important resources for rodents and should normally be provided To increase environmental complexity the addition of some form of enclosure enrichment is strongly recommended Tubes boxes and climbing racks are examples of devices which have been used successfully for rodents and these can have the added benefit of increasing utilisable floor area The benefit of introducing enrichment and increasing the improved motor skills and faster spatial awareness when tested along with allowing natural behaviours G G G G wheels for exercise playpens and group housing for social interactions objects and tubes for cognitive skills food and water are obvious essentials along with nesting materials A video clip was then shown of multiple male rats 10 12 weeks socialising together in a playpen containing items such as water trays playballs Lego This was demonstrating that simple inexpensive and unused items can be successfully used for enrichment purposes 163

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 164 Tech 2 Tech to allow rodents to create complex structural nests which also provides the freedom to express normal behaviour Cardboard or plastic tunnels houses can give the animal freedom from discomfort by providing a shelter and comfortable resting area Diet on the floor i e sunflower seeds can encourage foraging behaviour which is another natural behaviour In order to achieve social enrichment Kate showed pictures of a rat playpen this had been fashioned from old modified rabbit cages and contained items such as glove boxes with bedding tunnels and trays of water Allowing social interactions between the rats not only made the rats happier but also resulted in friendlier animals which were easier to handle Figure 1 Shows a modified toad enclosure now used for rat playpen Other methods of enrichment within cages were discussed such as mezzanine shelves for rats and mice along with mirrors ladders and ropes some of which were unsuccessful and maybe due to the strain of the animals The next speaker was Kate Shenton of Astra Zeneca with a presentation entitled Rodent Enrichment Kate first discussed the importance of G G G G G G nesting foraging burrowing socialising climbing playing These are natural behaviours or rodents and it is our responsibility as the advocates for the animals under our care to ensure we provide suitable environments so that these behaviours may be exhibited Kate then discussed The Five Freedoms which outline the five aspects of animal welfare that highlight it is our responsibility to ensure these freedoms are provided to the best of our ability whilst also enabling the science 1 2 3 4 5 Freedom Freedom Freedom Freedom Freedom from hunger and thirst from discomfort from pain injury or disease to express normal behaviour from fear and distress Some ways to accomplish this include different bedding materials such as sizzle nest and cotton paper 164 Figure 2 Rat relaxing in playpen Although this approach was successful in rats Kate explains it was not as successful with mice Male mice can be more aggressive so mixing cages in a playpen would not be the best idea adding enrichment into the home cage can achieve the same results as a playpen However the enrichment in the cages should be rotated otherwise it stops being a novelty and becomes part of the standard cage Kate described an ongoing trial of male only rooms for mice aimed at reducing fighting this is still being investigated but it appears to be making a difference When any change is implemented there are always going to be obstacles some of the challenges and concerns which may be encountered whilst trying to move forward include Physical harm from the enrichment e g concerns that the introduction of new enrichment may endanger the animals i e trapped limbs Difference in perceptions of humans and animals i e mini pump removal of house due to the possibility of harm when mice probably know their own restrictions Time constraints the cleaning and changing of extra equipment will take up too much time

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 165 Tech 2 Tech Reduced visibility of the animal with extra nesting materials a little extra time for more thorough checking is worth it as animal welfare comes first Changing attitudes of animal staff and scientist alike best practice should be the main priority and rather the prove it does not affect the science approach try the PROVE THAT IT DOES Scientists like data therefore it may be a good idea to think about ways to collect some in order to reinforce your point You can always find support and ideas from the Named Veterinary Surgeon NVS Named Animal Care Welfare Officer NACWO Establishment Licence Holder ELH the MRC National Centre for the 3Rs NC3Rs the Animal Welfare and Ethics Review Board AWERB and literature It may not be possible to implement changes on a large scale at first and there will always be obstacles to overcome it may be best taking baby steps small changes are important and make a difference even if it is only for a few animals at first After lunch the workshop resumed with the next presenter Ngaire Dennison NVS from the University of Dundee with her talk Enrichment Why What When A vet s view Ngaire talked about the reasons we bother with environmental enrichment highlighting that happier less stressed animals are more reliable models and they improve the science In the wild the minimum home range for a mouse under optimal conditions can be as little as 36cm and as much as 1km the Code of Practice states the minimum floor area for mice to be 330cm and the typical cage size for mice in a laboratory environment is around 400 900 cm with a height of 12cm however mice can jump up to 45cm In conclusion the natural environment of wild mice is very different from the environment we provide the mice within the laboratory So the question is Are mice that are lab bred for generations different from wild mice with different needs and if not do we potentially have fat unhealthy and unfit mice G something that makes them healthier And when exactly should enrichment be used All the time or at least whenever possible Identifying and overcoming hurdles are processes which occur during any change but its best to keep positive attitudes and again scientists love data So why should you involve the vet not only do the NVS have knowledge in areas of animal physiology behaviour and welfare but they also have a network of other vets to discuss issues with and most importantly they are in a good position to help balance scientific and welfare needs by negotiation Ngaire then presented a case study Improving the environments for breeding rats The old system Rats are bred in timed matings on grids up to 7 days or until plug is found Males are individually housed Females are alone until they litter down when pups are weaned the female is back in rotation for breeding The issues G G G G the use of grids repeated mixing poor litter size space requirements from 2017 following revised HO guidelines The solution Monogamous pairs allowing establishment of social bonds and resulting in G G excellent litter sizes regular birth of pups Ngaire explained that before we start jumping into all different environmental enrichment we should really think about what it is that we are trying to achieve i e G G G normal animals a more natural environment better welfare with no impact on or improved scientific output To achieve this the enrichment we need would have to be G G G practical cost effective what the animals want Figure 3 Shows plastic tube connecting 2 modified rat cages 165

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 166 Tech 2 Tech New problems G G G hair loss in mothers cages very damp synchronisation of females giving birth including strain sex age diet number of animals in cage position of stick in cage or could it be something else Double cages cages had holes made in them allowing for a tube to be used to connect 2 cages 5 cages of C57BL6 and 5 cages of Balb c female mice approximately 3 months were established with the same enrichment in each of their cages aspen chew sticks were placed in 3 different locations within all the cages Separation of male and female with reintroduction at later date Issues Even more problems 2 cages of C57 began barbering Removal of mice from some cages for use 2 cages of the Balb c mice had no measurable amount of chew sticks at re weighing Solution Aggression between male and female at re introduction Aggression between males and pups at re introduction Final solution Modified tube with Perspex divider and holes drilled in it allowing for visual interactions and animals to smell each other s scent when male and female are separated Summary of results C57Bl6 females of this age prefer the chew sticks to be between the bars but they do not use them as much as the Balb c females who used the chew sticks in all 3 positions but seem to prefer them on the floor of the cage This study is not definitive as it does not necessarily predict the amount of use as there was only one stick present in each position in the cage However it does show that animals may in fact have a preference not only to the different types of enrichment but also their placement within the cages Ngaire closed her presentation with the thoughts of testing enrichment to see that it actually does what it is supposed to and not to assume that if one mouse likes it all of them will Also to be prepared to be wrong and things not working out but not to give up just change the hypothesis and become adaptable Figure 4 The modified tube with Perspex insert Results Workshop session identifying the barriers to enrichment use Better welfare was achieved for the animals along with improved litter sizes and happier more social animals which were easier to handle by animal staff This case study highlights that even though obstacles may occur there is no reason to give up and resort back to the old ways perseverance and positive attitudes will help overcome many problems At this point we were placed into groups where we discussed the barriers which we have or may face when trying to promote change and move towards more enrichment After the group discussions each group presented their findings There seemed to be quite a lot of repetition most people had encountered the same barriers when it came to implementing environmental change Case study 2 Pilot study of position preference of aspen chew sticks for mice People s attitudes this seemed to be at the top of everyone s list with both animal care staff and scientists being mentioned Some were reluctant to change their ways as they have been in the job too long and refuse to accept there is a different way to do things the most common attitudes were Ngaire explained during her visits she had seen varied use of chew sticks between and within units this was due to the differing opinions of the technologists as to whether the mice used the chew sticks There are many possible factors which may be involved 166 G G G do not have enough time may have an effect on the science is too much bother for cleaning

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 167 Tech 2 Tech G Lack of legislation was also quite high on the list it was felt that if there was a more detailed description in the CoP of the minimum enrichment requirements that it would be harder for anyone to argue with Other common barriers mentioned were cost management and the physical barriers of certain units Cage size and lack of data available to prove enrichment is beneficial for welfare and science Callum Branstone of Leicester University was the next speaker with his presentation Mirror Mirror on the Wall Callum introduced his presentation by first discussing behaviours of mice they are social animals and are happier when they are group housed and creating social structures However in the laborator y environment sometimes it may be necessary to singly house males due to aggression It is in the best interest of the animals to be group housed and not only saves on space but also cost Callum and his team at the University of Leicester have been working on a solution to this problem using mirrors which have been successful for the most part Step 1 Introduce the mirror to the singly housed males which you hope to amalgamate Step 2 Transfer some of the bedding from the singly housed male s cage to the prospective cage mate s cage and vice versa this allows acclimatisation to new cage mate Step 3 Fresh cage with very little enrichment but keep old cage G turn off air for 30mins and monitor IVC cages G if all is well return the cage to the rack G check daily and monitor behaviour Some forms of negative behaviour may occur such as pinning or fighting wounds If these behaviours persisted the males were returned to their old cages However if this happens do not give up allow a little time and try the whole process again as it may be successful the second time round interactions To which it was explained this seemed to promote aggression and stress in males when left in the cages too long Workshop session 2 Overcoming barriers Again we were placed in groups to discuss ways in which we can overcome some of the barriers we had considered in session 1 As before all groups presented their findings Data was mentioned by almost every group in the workshop ever yone felt that if there was more scientific data published on the benefits of enrichment it would be harder for people to ignore Encouraging change Some groups thought involving people in change and allowing them to have their say may make them feel more involved and receptive to change Others thought there are people who still would not change their attitudes regardless of what measures were taken So maybe this barrier may actually be the most difficult to overcome Legislation campaigning to get a minimum standard of environmental enrichment published in the CoP would be the most effective and efficient way of improving standards Melissa and Michaela then closed the workshop by thanking everyone for attending and announcing that they would be publishing a booklet with all the information they had gathered later in the year The workshop as a whole was a great way to share the experiences and issues which we have had with implementing environmental enrichment and how they were overcome The take home message from this workshop was even if something does not work do not give up re evaluate and try again From the 23 pairs of males which were amalgamated 18 were successful using this method the significance of the mirror was also tested but only 2 pairs were successful without the aid Callum also used mice over a large age range and is looking into refining this method by testing different introduction periods to find the optimum duration and is also looking into how significant the air supply actually is When taking questions Callum was asked if in the cases where the males were unable to be group housed whether the mirrors themselves would provide a sufficient amount of enrichment in place of social 167

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December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 December 2018 Page 169 Animal Technology and Welfare PLATFORM PRESENTATION ABSTRACTS Congress platform presentations provide important information for technologists and researchers However not all platform presenters provide a full paper for publication and although abstracts are printed in the Congress Handbook which is also available on the IAT website http www iat org uk congresshandbook the editorial board is aware that not all readers can access it It has therefore been decided that for the foreseeable future abstracts will be printed in ATW in addition to being available on the website Where papers based on Congress 2018 platform presentations have been printed in Animal Technology and Welfare the full reference is given FIRST TIME PRESENTERS sponsored by Marshall BioResources Does tube handling have an effect on the health of our animals Gavin Skeels The Sainsbury Wellcome Centre 25 Howland Street Fitzrovia London W1T 4JG The topic of tube handling has become more popular in recent years and has been praised for a measured reduction in stress and improvement in welfare Gouveia Hurst 2013 However there has also been debate regarding factors such as difficulty of implementing within a unit and the time it takes The factor that I focus on within this presentation is more about animal health and wellbeing Whilst it has been proven that animals are less stressed when handled in a tube I wanted to investigate if there are any risks with regard to health checking When handling an animal by the base of the tail the process of lifting it up allows the technician to view the anogenital region and the underbelly Any wounds or signs of illness can be seen within the few seconds of lifting it up When lifting a mouse in a tube the animal stands on a surface so that you cannot see the underside unless you lift the tube up above your head This can prove difficult when working in a laminar flow cabinet and can encourage poor practice such as taking the mouse out of the cabinet It can also be dangerous for the mouse as it is lifted to a great height so with this thought in mind that checking could be less effective I wanted to find out two things firstly if any health issues were missed and secondly if there is a difference between red tubes and clear tubes It is hoped that this study will validate that using tubes to handle mice will not affect the level of competency in health checking If this is not the case then it will highlight a flaw of the tube handling process O O O New approaches to environmental enrichment for rats Rhian James BSc Hons Sequani Ltd Bromyard Road Ledbury HR8 1LH Environmental enrichment is an impor tant consideration for laboratory animals and as new knowledge comes to light it is important to review and improve upon current standards Rats are a commonly used species in research and therefore an enrichment trial was conducted focussing on this species in the regulatory toxicology environment This study aimed to explore three novel enrichment materials for rats and to explore rotation of enrichment as a means of preventing habituation A total of 42 Wistar Han rats were observed twice daily for eight weeks Enrichment trialled included metal chains for suspension fun 169

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 170 Congress 2018 Platform Presentation Abstracts tunnels and washers aspen wood balls and rodent treats Metal chains and aspen balls were used to trial rotation whereas rodent treats aimed to target foraging behaviour an important behaviour not often provided for in laboratory settings Here we discuss the results of the trial and practical implementation of rotational environmental enrichment O O O Assessing the safety and suitability of four types of nesting material for singly housed mice with surgically fitted head plates Zoe Windsor University College London Biological Ser vices Cruciform Nor th Wing The Cruciform Building Gower Street London WC1E 6BT Nesting material is a common and easily applicable form of enrichment for laboratory mice However there is limited information available as to its apparent safety for use with mice with surgically implanted head plates This study assessed the safety of four different nesting materials paper pulp short fibre roll short paper shavings and facial tissue to suggest a suitable alternative to shredded paper which has been deemed unsafe due to frequently observed entanglement The four materials were each tested on five head plate mice over a 14 day period and monitored for incidences and severity of tangling The quality of the nests produced was also scored throughout the trial period Tangling was only observed in the facial tissue trial group and the highest quality nest scores were recorded in the paper pulp group Consequently paper pulp was concluded to be the safest and most suitable nesting material tested in this trial due to its high nest quality scores and absence of tangling incidences O O O AAALAC SPONSORED SESSION Culture of care Timothy Jameson FRSB MIAT RAnTech Senior Manager Animal Welfare and Comparative Medicine Covance Laboratories Otley Road Harrogate HG3 1PY Culture of care has become a frequently used phrase within the laboratory animal science and research community This presentation will explore what constitutes an effective culture of care from the perspective of an AAALAC Accredited Global Contract 170 Research Organisation Areas covered will include the value of an effective culture of care in terms of animal welfare staff engagement quality of research and compliance This presentation will also share ideas on defining a vision for a culture of care that will resonate well with people It will include identifying mechanisms currently in place and share ideas on approaches to supporting and embedding a progressive culture of care The role of the Establishment Licence holder AWERB IACUC and Named People will also be explored including lessons learned to date O O O Quality management systems in the workplace a useful addition or a time consuming add on Mark Gardiner MIAT RAnTech Head of Operations Mar y Lyon Centre Medical Research Council Har well Har well Science and Innovation Campus Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 0RD The Mary Lyon Centre MLC MRC Harwell Institute has held ISO 9001 2001 certification since July 2010 and AAALAC accreditation from July 2016 Over this period of time the MLC has used both of these quality management systems to identity develop and implement continual improvement strategies in husbandry processes as well as animal welfare and scientific requirements These standards have not only led to improvements in working practices and efficiency but also identified ways of looking at the culture of the unit and how it takes on new challenges and deals with change Why was a management system important to the MLC and why did we choose ISO 9001 and AAALAC The answer is simple as both are internationally recognised standards that are robust and successful We fully understand that the UK already has high legislative standards in animal care but believe there is much to be gained from continually striving to improve both the animal welfare and scientific programmes Making sure that all staff are aware of these standards is key to the unit s success and comprehensive training and competency assessment has become part of the culture within the group We have also seen improvements in transparency of work instructions permits to work on essential equipment centralisation of core functions and improvements in standard operating procedures Both standards ISO and AAALAC highlight the need to develop a team which understands the complex working of the day to day operation of an animal facility This involves using the knowledge and skills not only within the animal care team but also health and safety engineering veterinar y ser vices and research programmes Spending time to reflect on the unit operations and audit systems has become a very useful way of looking for improvements and

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 171 Congress 2018 Platform Presentation Abstracts implementing transparent systems that allows the MLC to meet the ISO 9001 and AAALAC standards O O O The use of performance standards in animal care and use programmes Javier Guillen DVM Senior Director for Europe and Latin America AAALAC International Apar tado de Correos 266 31080 Pamplona Spain In a heterogeneous and constantly evolving world the use of performance standards is the most useful tool for harmonisation of quality animal care and use on a global basis and for evaluation of the efficacy of institutional practices While institutions have to comply with the engineering standards required by applicable legislation e g cage size which are not flexible they can also apply performance standards to ensure implementation of an effective animal care and use programme Performance standards are outcome oriented focussed on goals or expected results rather than the process used to achieve the results They can be applied to all areas of the animal care and use programme allow flexibility to fit different situations and facilitate global harmonisation and evaluation of desired outcomes While performance standards may be general in definition they require the outcome to be defined in details and must provide specific criteria for assessing the outcome To achieve this successfully professional judgment is needed Therefore training and competency of the laboratory animal personnel is essential Examples of implementation of performance standards in different programme areas will be presented including ethical review process animal environment and husbandry practices O O O AAALAC INTERNATIONAL USA FELLOWSHIP AWARD WINNER 2018 Preventive maintenance of your training programme professional development and retention Michelle Wallace Fields BS CMAR RLATG ILAM Associate Director for Husbandr y University of Colorado 1201 Larimer Street Denver Colorado USA In the field of laboratory animal care personnel are our most valuable investment After employees have been successfully recruited training requirements shift toward regulatory requirements continuing education requirements and professional development for retention Ensuring that staff are adequately trained and refreshed for regulatory compliance and ensuring new skills are being acquired can mean the difference between success and failure for both a programme and an employee This presentation is designed to walk attendees through the process of maintaining a training programme and will provide examples of how to track and manage training for all employees Additionally it will focus on professional development by training in specialised areas such as large regulated species ABSL Animal Biosafety Levels areas and special requests by research staff Throughout the session samples of training documents will be presented This presentation will discuss ways to ensure employees are knowledgeable engaged and growing within the department plus ways to develop tools to make sure that all necessary training is covered and documented My paper is designed for anyone who supervises or trains employees or is working to move into management positions including super visors managers and directors O O O Refinement of influenza A virus disease models one health veterinary human and occupational exposure Sharon Brookes PhD Influenza Research Team Leader Head of Avian Virology and Mammalian Influenza Virology Department Animal and Plant Health Agency APHA Woodham Lane New Haw Addlestone Surrey KT15 3NB Influenza A Viruses IAV infect and cause disease in many species mammals and birds the natural reservoir is wild waterfowl The IAV subtypes are characterised by their external proteins Hemagglutinin HA and Neuraminidase NA H1 16 and N1 9 At the Animal Health and Plant Agency we are concerned about veterinary health and welfare and the potential of disease transmission to and from humans known as zoonoses and reverse zoonoses Our main concerns are Avian Influenza AIV and Swine Influenza SwIV but we also investigate flu in cetaceans cattle and humans and more We do not work with companion animals or equidae even though these host species are susceptible to IAVs In order to investigate clinical presentation pathogenesis transmission and disease intervention we use complete biological systems for the veterinary host target species or animal model substitutes for human disease mice ferret or pig The utilisation of chickens turkeys and ducks for bird flu and pigs for swine flu will be described with respect to infectious dose clinical measures host sur vival humane endpoints virus shedding PCR etc antibody responses HAIT etc gross and micro 171

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 172 Congress 2018 Platform Presentation Abstracts pathology H E virus tissue distribution IHC and viral genome adaptation sequencing Advanced designs include cross species virus transmission studies using bio aerosol natural infection routes mimicking veterinar y field situations water fowl duck to domestic poultry chickens or turkeys and poultry pigs and occupational health scenarios bird flu or swine flu to humans or the reverse pigs ferrets poultry pigs and the novel poultry ferrets These studies provide science evidence underpinning risk assessments used to inform disease control policy or disease incursion mitigation Animal alternatives are also utilised for limited pre screening for IAV replication approaches These include primary cell lines ex vivo tissue cultures and in ovo pre sentience for poultry and primary cell lines and ex vivo for mammalian tissues This applied science is carried out for our major stakeholders to improve veterinary and human one health and animal welfare Acknowledging Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs DEFRA and the devolved Governments of the UK farming industry Public Health England Research Councils UK and pharmaceutical industry for financial support Our work also provides evidence and advice for EU OIE FAO and WHO O O O Spider and chips the use of internal RFID chips as a minimally invasive method to measure internal body temperatures in invertebrates Steven Trim BSc CBiol MRSB General Manager Venomtech Ltd Discovery Park Sandwich Kent CT13 9ND Internal RFID Radio Frequency Identification transponders have been used in vertebrates for many years However studies looking into their use in inver tebrates are less well represented in the literature The use of RFID transponders for internal temperature measurement represents a less invasive alternative to thermocouples and rectal thermometers Internal transponders were inser ted into three invertebrate species Salmon pink spiders Lasiodora parahybana desert locusts Schistocerca gregaria and Madagascan hissing cockroaches Gromphadorhina portentosa Animal behaviour was monitored and temperature measurements were obtained from the transponder and compared with the animals surroundings Radiographs confirmed location and relative size of the transponder implants Surviving animals appeared to behave normally during the course of the study Small differences in internal temperatures compared to surface and surroundings were observed however further studies are required in order to 172 validate these findings This pilot study demonstrates modern implants designed for rodents can be implanted successfully in large arthropods and this is expected to make a great impact in future invertebrate physiology research O O O What do males really want Mouse natural history life in the laboratory and approaches to housing male mice Penny Hawkins BSc PhD Head Research Animals Depar tment RSPCA Wilberforce Way Southwater West Sussex RH13 9RS It is widely accepted that animals who are able to behave naturally will be less stressed with better welfare leading to more translatable science Some natural behaviours such as constructing a nest can be easily catered for but others like the social behaviour of male mice are less straightforward In the wild male mice live in defined territories in groups comprising a dominant male several females and their pups and other juveniles Sexually mature males either disperse or take over the parental territory Therefore laboratory housing whether this is single housing or with one or more other males does not facilitate the natural social behaviour of the male mouse There is debate as to whether single or group housing is in the best interests of male mice and there are welfare pros and cons associated with both approaches Although behavioural research suggests that male mice do generally prefer to be socially housed it is not clear whether all the males in a group have equally good welfare or how an individual s rank in the hierarchy affects their experience of group housing There is a concern that welfare may be suboptimal for some even if there is no injurious fighting This presentation will give an overview of a new review of the literature on male mouse behaviour set out the results of a recent survey of current practice for housing male mice and suggest some ways forward O O O Using large scale mouse records to identify genetically modified mouse colonies to understand mortality rates Chris Lelliott PhD Senior Scientific Manager Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge CB10 1SA When using model organisms such as mice we want to

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 173 Congress 2018 Platform Presentation Abstracts achieve the minimum possible levels of unexpected mortality However when generating model organisms with novel Genetic Modifications GM the modification may result in a mouse with an increased occurrence of adverse effects and elevated mortality rates This makes surveillance of colony statistics important to enable welfare interventions and decisions to be made When dealing with large numbers of colonies we need to know the baseline levels of mortality for a mouse Mortality rates could be affected by sex environmental factors and background strain of the colony In addition mortality rates may vary with age Therefore a single mor tality rate for decision making may not be applicable for all scenarios Using the information recorded in the Sanger Institute s Mouse Database MCMS we have analysed the fate of mice from 475 different GM mouse colonies to determine current normal levels of mortality We also identify an agedependent effect on mortality with neonate mice having the highest levels of mortality and adults the lowest Finally we can use this information to identify colonies which need particular attention to welfare and at which ages interventions may give the greatest benefits Overall we provide a method for determining mortality rates in GM colonies which may be of use for larger institutes or those using GM models refinement Additional benefits include additional space becoming available for scientific research and the introduction of new lines The culture throughout small laboratory animal establishments to maintain tick over colonies has been successfully challenged by subsidised and targeted archiving throughout King s College London Biological Services and has in turn facilitated further scientific work Incentivised archiving is a noteworthy indication of our commitment to implementing the 3Rs across King s College London O O O Melanie Galvin MSc Biomedical Science Senior Scientific Officer Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute The University of Manchester Alderley Park Macclesfield Cheshire SK10 4TG Time s up for tick over colonies do we now need to maintain so many GA mouse lines Stuart Newman MIAT RAnTech 1 and Stephen Woodley MIAT RAnTech 2 1 2 Biological Services Unit King s College London New Hunt s House Great Maze Pond Road London SE1 1UL Site Manager Guy s Campus King s College London St Thomas Street London SE1 9RT The practice of continually breeding lines in order to maintain them as a live resource either in between studies or indefinitely just in case is common practice in many animal facilities This process of ticking over colonies has historically occurred due to the unavailability or unreliability of archiving services coupled with the economic cost associated with the processes The advent of reliable sperm cryopreservation and associated recovery processes has now eliminated most reasons to not archive lines The creation of a genome editing and embryology core within King s College London Biological Services has permitted rapid and efficient archiving which in turn has led to the substantial reduction in tick over colonies Between September 2015 and October 2017 various subsidy incentives were offered to research groups resulting in over 350 lines being cryopreserved with 97 removed as a live resource this is a significant ethical O O O ANDREW BLAKE TRIBUTE AWARD sponsored by The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry Presentation of the 2018 Winning Paper Refinement of tumour passage by optimisation of the tissue disaggregation protocol Surgical implantation of tumour pieces has been used regularly in the passage of tumour models This involves an invasive surgical procedure carried out under anaesthesia ensuring mice have adequate pain relief and peri operative care The procedure also requires multiple tumour bearing donor mice to generate sufficient tissue for surgical implantation particularly for large scale efficacy studies We sought to refine our tumour passage methods and subsequently reduce the number of mice required for studies by implanting viable dissociated tumour cells instead of tumour fragments Tumours were disaggregated and depleted for red blood cells and any dead residual mouse cells This allowed the enrichment for human tumour cells that were mixed with matrigel and implanted subcutaneously in the hind flank of mice Cell viability was successfully maintained with this method and mice developed tumours Due to the high number of cells generated using this protocol we are able to implant more mice per tumour thus reducing the number of donor mice required for large scale efficacy studies Moreover subcutaneous injection is a less invasive procedure with a milder severity than surgical implant under general anaesthesia Not only does this process improve animal welfare from a 3Rs perspective it also improves other aspects of the experiment by reducing 173

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Congress 2018 Platform Presentation Abstracts intertumour heterogeneity thus improving the science Current data shows that cell cultures of disaggregated CDX models recapitulate in vivo drug studies and therefore could be used as a possible replacement for in vivo studies in the future O O O KEVIN DOLAN MEMORIAL LECTURE Evolution of language what do chimpanzees have to say Katie Slocombe PhD Senior Lecturer Department of Psychology University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD Human language is an extremely complex capacity and it is likely that language builds on cognitive capacities which evolved long before humans diverged from the rest of the primates The comparison of communicative and cognitive capabilities in non human primates and humans is a promising approach to further our understanding of which elements of language are phylogentically old and which are unique to humans Chimpanzees and bonobos are our closest living relatives and as such are the best models of our last shared common ancestor I will present a series of studies focussed on the food associated calls of chimpanzees and bonobos that examine i whether they function in a referential manner ii what mechanisms underlie their production and why wild chimpanzees produce these vocalisations 174 Page 174

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 175 December 2018 Animal Technology and Welfare POSTER PRESENTATIONS Originally presented at IAT Congress 2018 Resolution to the challenges faced by technicians to work at height and the ergonomics within isolators SELINA HOPKINS DIANE HAZLEHURST and ADAM PULLEN Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA Correspondence sb37 sanger ac uk dh8 sanger ac uk ap19 sanger ac uk Introduction The use of isolators to hold animals for Germfree and Gnotobiotic experimental work is an expanding field within the animal science and research industry Isolators can be bespoke or are a standard design depending on the requirements of the customer to work within them on a daily basis both ergonomically and practically Figure 1 Double tier isolator Space restrictions within an animal room may require the use of a double tiered isolator to maximise the numbers of animals that can be housed and cared for Figure 1 Generally due to the fixed design the positioning of sleeves can be a problem for the technicians who need Figure 2 Fixed platform to access upper tier Width of platform and ladder 60cm 175

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 176 Poster Presentations Without the use of a hydraulic capability allowing the isolator height to be adjusted further compounds the ergonomic challenges faced by the technicians when needing to perform the husbandry processes to ensure the health and welfare of the animals within working practises when standing on a fixed platform Technician 1 is 5 8 Figure 4 and technician 2 is 5 Figure 5 In order to reach the upper tier of a double isolator a platform or ladder will be required Figures 2 and 3 Figure 5 Close up of upper body position of technician 2 with arms held up at shoulder level head at level of fixed sleeve position Figure 3 Fixed platform to access upper tier Length of platform 810 cm and height from floor to platform 89cm Ergonomic concerns Technicians work with isolators vary in height When working at the upper tier it is difficult to establish safe Arched back Tiptoes Figure 6 Technician 2 is standing on tiptoes with an arched back and hunched shoulders Figure 4 Technician 1 has a stretched back and arms not held at right angles thus not working at a neutral position 176 Height adjustable stools can help overcome this restriction for the lower tier but these cannot be used on a raised platform due to the instability caused by the wheels Figure 7

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 177 Poster Presentations However when working at the top tier a single step was not suitable for Technician 2 and an additional step was considered Figure 10 Figure 7 Saddle and flat seat height adjustable stools First attempt at resolution A sturdy non slip step Figure 8 that could be placed on the platform was identified Figure 10 2 steps With 2 steps Technician 2 could reach inside the sleeves However the ergonomic positioning was still not adequate to safeguard the individuals wellbeing Figure 11 Figure 8 Fitness step For Technician 1 a single step on the platform was adequate but not ideal to reach the fixed position of the sleeves and maintain an ergonomically neutral working position without excessive stretching of the back Figure 9 Figure 11 Technician 2 demonstrating use of 2 steps Fur thermore with the narrowness of the steps manoeuvrability was restricted and the risk of slipping or falling was considered unsafe and a health and safety risk Second attempt at resolution Figure 9 Technician 1 on 1 step Following consultation with our Health and Safety department a second suggestion in the form of a tall step ladder was explored This had a wider floor space 177

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 178 Poster Presentations Seated position Figures 13 and 14 Front and back views of Prototype 1 in lowered position encompassing a seating area As the hydraulics were safely encased within the unit there was not adequate leg room for the technicians to comfortably sit down and reach into the isolator without over stretching or twisting Prototype 1 was unsuccessful in resolving this problem for use with the lower tier however the principal idea for use with the top was worth exploring further Figure 12 However height was fixed and the same issues became apparent than the platform on which to stand and manoeuvre Figure 12 The safety bars were positioned at a fixed height and depending on the height of the technician these bars impeded their ability to reach into the isolator The additional use of the step was explored but due to the safety bars the same dilemmas for Technician 2 were faced Third attempt at resolution a hydraulic platform Working closely with one of our suppliers the design and creation of a height adjustable hydraulic platform suitable for ever yone to use was explored and progressed Figure 15 Front view of Prototype 1 in a raised position Prototype 1 Prototype 2 specifications The design of this platform incorporated a cut out section of the platform to allow for a seated position to work at the lower tier The platform has a suitable range in height for Technicians 1 and 2 to work comfortably ergonomically and safely at the upper tier Figure 16 178

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 179 Poster Presentations The entry exit door has a latched locking system Figure 19 To further enhance the safety of the operator an automatic locking mechanism activates once the platform is in motion Figures 20 and 21 This mechanism does not release until the platform returns to its lowest level setting Figure 16 Figure 19 Latch Figure 20 Unlocked This platform and steps are currently being trialled in the Germ Free expansion room The platform provides a large floor space to allow unrestricted movement of feet and legs whilst working Figures 17 and 18 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 21 Locked 179

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 180 Poster Presentations A manual operated controller to raise and lower the platform to a suitable level for technicians of differing heights Figure 22 A kick board was placed on all sides except at the door entrance to prevent accidental damage to the lower tier isolator through movement of feet Figure 25 Figure 25 Figure 22 A height adjustable bar was placed across the front to support technicians and prevent potential accidents Figures 23 and 24 The hydraulic system has a battery back up to ensure it can be safely lowered in the event of a mains power failure This is encased using a concertinaed design to avoid entrapment and reduces the need for cleaning Figure 26 Battery access is restricted to specialist engineers at servicing Figure 23 Figure 26 Summary Figure 24 180 The trial of Prototype 2 is underway within our Germ Free area Thus far feedback from technicians using the platform has been positive It is easily adjustable and allows for differing heights of technicians to work safely Figure 27 while maintaining a neutral ergonomic position without over stretching or twisting Figure 28

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 181 Poster Presentations Acknowledgements The Sanger Institute Health and Safety Department Adam Avery for design and prototype development Marie Hitcham ergonomic advice and support Figure 27 Figure 28 With any trial there are areas of improvement and adjustments to be considered Due to the weight of the materials and type of wheels the platform is heavier than anticipated making it difficult to manoeuvre particularly when lone working Further discussions are being held with the design and manufacturing team regarding the weight and ease of movement which will be resolved soon 181

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 182 Animal Technology and Welfare December 2018 Developing a user friendly experimental request form to refine study planning CASEY COLLINS FRANCESCA FLACK and CARL SHANNON The Wellcome Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA Correspondence cc18 sanger ac uk Introduction The Research Suppor t Facility RSF provides assistance and support for researchers experiments which involve the use of animals This may include per forming regulated procedures providing post procedural care and or general husbandry duties for animals which are on study A researcher requests assistance via an experimental request form which is sent to the procedural review body proc email alias The forms are reviewed by the procedural review body which is composed of the experimental coordinator area manager NACWO and experimental deliver y senior manager Requests are reviewed to ensure the RSF has the resources to support the study to assess whether the purpose of the experiment fits within the aim of the Project Licence and if the procedure s can be performed in accordance with the PPL section E protocol s Keeping the 3Rs in mind the review body also evaluates the frequency of procedures and the immediate and or accumulative effect procedures have on the welfare of animals in our care Any refinements or additional post procedural care identified at the review meeting will be discussed with the researcher and implemented where appropriate The RSF provides this experimental delivery service to internal and external users of the facility Ever evolving research and emphasis on maintaining a high standard of animal welfare made it apparent that the previous experimental request form and review process needed to evolve too therefore the focus was put on designing a new request form and adapting the review process Figure 1 Number of experimental requests received per year 2014 2017 Details of how to process a sick mouse Potential adverse effects of procedures to be performed Identifying the need for change Much of the review process was spent looking at these omissions rather than the focus being on the experiment itself It became time consuming when contacting the requester s for missing information which caused a delay in scheduling experiments It was found that the request form was not capturing the information required to review plan and schedule experiments efficiently The RSF uses a database to capture data such as regulated procedures To refine study planning the RSF aims to create a feature on the database where experiments can be requested and the data captured for experiments can be repor ted Keeping in mind these factors the decision was made to create a new experimental request form The RSF has seen an increase in requests Figure 1 and greater complexity of experiments over the past 23 years The re design During the review of requests it was found that important information was regularly unavailable across separate experiments This included Procedure details e g dose volume storage preparation and disposal details blood volumes and or sample pot details 182 1 The current form at the time was looked at to determine what information it captured and whether the layout suitably captured this information in a logical order From this review information that the form did not capture was identified Figure 2 For example G purpose of experiment

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 183 Poster Presentations Figure 2 Review of previous form Figure 3 Analysis of first draft 183

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 184 Poster Presentations G G G dose concentrations blood volumes end point harvest details Following this the redesign of the new form commenced with the aim to capture all relevant information needed to conduct a study 2 The first draft conceptualised what information needed to be included in the new form and provided a rough idea of how the form should look The draft was analysed Figure 3 from this some phrases were changed for example drug was changed to substance and study details was changed to method for a more specific approach Additional information that needed to be captured was identified such as substance preparation and disposal and behaviour test details An RSF sign off section was also added to confirm the request has been reviewed and accepted The layout was analysed and adjusted to provide a better flow The mandator y sections capture the essential information required to carry out a study for example requester project licence animal method adverse effect and sick animal procedure details The layout was designed to be user friendly for both the researcher and RSF staff Sections were colour coded to link information for example animal details and location making it easier for RSF staf f and researchers to locate information needed during a study This was distributed to 6 researchers and 4 peers for review and trialled over a period of a month The feedback received was positive and where the form had been trialled significant improvement in content was observed The reviews and trial also helped to identify other information to include in the final version 4 Version 1 of the new RSF Experimental Work Request form Figure 5 was produced using the feedback and information provided from the review and or trial A Guidance document on how to complete the form was also created for researchers use The form prompts for information that was regularly omitted from the original form for example blood sampling details If filled in correctly it provides all the relevant information for the review body to review experiments and for RSF staff to perform regulated procedure s and or provide the best care to animals which have undergone a procedure The review process was also changed Previously requests could be submitted on the same day as the review meeting with less than one week s notice of the study starting Requests must now be submitted two days before the review meeting with at least two weeks notice of the study starting this allows for more time to review and plan the increasing number of experimental requests experienced in the RSF and to prepare animals identified for study ahead of the start date Figure 4 Example of request form submitted during the trial 184

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 185 Poster Presentations Figure 5 Version 1 of the new RSF Experimental Work Request form Implementation and the future of experimental work requests The RSF Experimental Work Request form along with guidance notes were distributed to researchers for use in January 2018 and fully implemented from 1st Februar y 2018 In this shor t space of time improvement in the information supplied was seen Overall the form and update in process has been well received by researchers and RSF staff Having established a new process in which requests are submitted we have been allowed more time to review give feedback and schedule experiments making the process much more efficient In keeping with the 3Rs this refinement in study planning provides more time to focus on the care and welfare of animals undergoing regulated procedures in the RSF The RSF is currently in the process of programming the database system to allow for requests to be submitted and tracked via the database The experimental request form will be used as reference to create the request feature on the database information thus ensuring the highest standards of welfare for animals in our care was achieved This was evident in the feedback received from researchers and peers and during the review of the majority of requests submitted following the distribution of the new form During this process it was also recognised that as research evolves a regular review of the request process and associated documents is required to further refine experimental delivery Acknowledgements RSF Staff and Researchers Summary The experimental request form plays a crucial role in planning and subsequent performing of studies in the RSF Upon discovering that the previous form was no longer fit for purpose the process of creating a new form was started By redesigning the form the aim for it to be user friendly and capture all relevant 185

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 186 Animal Technology and Welfare December 2018 Implantation of rat vascular access button in G ttingen minipigs ADRIAN ZELTNER1 and ANJA GRIMM2 1 2 Ellegaard G ttingen Minipigs A S Soroe Landevej 302 4261 Dalmose Denmark Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH Binger Strasse 173 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein Germany Correspondence az minipigs dk Introduction Infusion and serial blood sampling are often important technical aspects of an experimental design Super ficial vessels in the minipig are few and frequently accessing them is a challenge Although minipigs are a convenient size for handling restraint and venepuncture can be stressful and affect blood parameters Therefore when experiments require infusion or frequent blood sampling catheterisation is often the best option both ethically and scientifically The implantation of Vascular Access por ts and Seldinger Catheters is described and published in various configurations To add another option when choosing the optimal study design we tested the Rat Vascular Access Buttons in Gottingen Minipigs The port allows up to three catheters to be connected and opens the possibility to sample and dose via the port but through different catheters The first attempt was intended as proof of concept direction and two in caudal direction A 3fr PU catheter with a bead at 3 cm was inserted to that length and fixed with a purse string suture and tissue glue 2 In the left internal jugular vein This vessel runs alongside the carotid artery It was ligated and a 3fr PU catheter was inserted to a length of 7 8 cm so that the tip rested in the vena cava 3 In the right internal jugular vein A 3fr PU catheter with two lateral perfusion holes at 3 mm and 2 mm apart was inserted in the same manner as in the other vein All three catheters were tunnelled to a subcutaneous pocket created behind the left ear and then connected to the button The incision of the implantation site was closed in three layers anaesthesia discontinued and the minipigs left to recover After one week of postoperative care including antibiotics and analgesia vascular access was tested For a period of two months Material and methods Four male Gottingen minipigs Ellegaard Gottingen Minipigs AS Denmark between 14 and 15 kg were selected for implantation Rat vascular access buttons Instech Laboratories Inc USA with three ports for three catheters were chosen to test different catheters and different sites each minipig had three catheters implanted Figure 1 Button with three ports and capped for protection and catheter 1 In the left carotid artery two minipigs in cranial 186 Figure 2 Anatomy of the neck vascular in the pig

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 187 Poster Presentations the buttons were accessed approximately every seven days to test patency and functionality At the end of that period the animals were sacrificed and a necropsy of the affected area performed drawn initially but after rinsing with saline the withdrawal was fine R Some catheters were blocked B in between but recovered later and were operational again others were patent but withdrawal was slow S One arterial catheter was blocked both ways after eight weeks Figure 5 Blood sampling being performed with one person with minipig in a hammock Figure 3 Button implanted behind the ear Figure 4 Minipig after surgery The vein catheters with only one distal opening performed in an excellent manner throughout the testing period of 58 days Some showed some signs of reduced patency in the second month but only one was impaired at the day of necropsy Blood could be drawn throughout the period Figure 6 Results of 8 weeks testing S Slow withdrawal R fine after rinsing B blocked even after rinsing Results The incisions in the neck and at the site of the button healed well and no signs of infection were observed The felt collar of the button was grown into the subcutaneous tissue to seal the exit site completely Figure 7 Catheters and site at necroscopy Accessing the ports was easy and the minipigs showed no signs of pain or discomfort With the minipig in a hammock sampling could be performed by one person only At the beginning all catheters worked well but after two weeks there were some typical catheter related issues with the artery catheters and the ones with perfusion holes At times very small amounts of blood could be Conclusion and discussion After two months of testing only three two in the same animal out of the 12 catheters were completely blocked one in the artery and the other two with perfusion holes This is encouraging however there were issues with perfusion hole catheters throughout the trial period Perfusion holes are meant to improve 187

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Poster Presentations patency in the event that the main opening is blocked or is too close to a vessel wall In the case of the ar ter y the hypotheses was that the high blood pressure and fast flow would prevent build up around the catheter The fact that some of them had to be rinsed before proper flow was established is not satisfactory Rinsing may cause a clot to become loose and enter the vascular system This small amount of animals does not allow the opportunity to produce statistics but results while accessing as well as the inspection of catheters at necropsy showed clearly that perfusion holes and placement in the artery is no improvement to traditional catheters in implanted in veins It can be concluded that Rat Vascular Access Buttons can successfully be implanted in minipigs and provide long term vascular access The buttons can accommodate 1 to 3 catheters which gives opportunity to infuse and sample through the same unit without cross contamination Accessing is painless and if the minipig is trained to be in a sling or hammock only one person is required to perform the procedures N B All procedures were carried out in compliance with current laboratory guidelines and the project was conducted with approval of the Danish Animal Experiments Inspectorate according to Danish law Animals were housed at approved facilities and cared for by qualified persons 188 Page 188

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 189 December 2018 Animal Technology and Welfare A pig s tale travelling in style LINDSEY DUCKETT LOUISE PHELON and LIONEL WHEELER Animal Services Unit Bristol Veterinary School University of Bristol Langford BS40 5DU Correspondence lou phelon bristol ac uk mdljc bristol ac uk Background Bristol Veterinary School Langford Campus runs a number of scientific animal projects and some of these involve pigs Sus scrofa The use of animals in scientific procedures is controlled by the Animals Scientific Procedures Act 1986 At the University of Bristol pig welfare is key to achieving good research Pigs are studied to improve welfare and productivity on a commercial basis as well as being used in biomedical research Research into cardiovascular diseases uses pigs in this process because their size and anatomy are very similar to humans Cardiovascular disease is a serious health problem in humans and NHS surgeons linked to the University Of Bristol are developing and improving clinical techniques to help improve patient outcomes Before any work can be done on patients each technique needs to be shown it is safe and effective Pigs are intelligent animals and respond well to human contact The issue we were encountering was that the current method used for transporting the pigs from building to building was creating stress for both the pigs and the technologists As a team we needed to review this method and decided to brainstorm our ideas to determine the best solution to move the pigs without causing them harm and distress The welfare of the pigs needed to be considered as they can be large and unpredictable We needed to have them safety contained to avoid any risk of them escaping Some of the pigs we move can be up to 90kg which is 14 stone so we needed a solution which was easy to handle and as light as possible The best way to achieve this was to design a cage style crate The design of the crate was focussed around the 3Rs Replacement Reduction and Refinement The key was to refine the original design to help minimise the handling of the pig and improve the animal s welfare Once finalised the design was sent to a metal fabricator for production Specifications G G G G G dimensions Height 750mm width 730mm length 1550mm made of galvanised steel hydraulic system to raise and lower floor pneumatic gas struts rubber mated floor for better grip Welfare brainstorming and the 3Rs Originally to transport the pigs from building to building a fork lift and livestock box was used this however was not practical when transporting the pigs to surgery as the forklift cannot enter the sterile area Figure 1 Forklift and livestock box Figure 2 The final product 189

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 190 Poster Presentations G G G G chequered panels to stop the pig from slipping when entering and exiting the crate front and two side panels can be dropped down to allow access contains the pig fully easy to clean Figures 3 5 show the crate with the lid raised supported with the pneumatic struts also you can see how the sides are kept in place with spring clips Figure 6 Non slip floor and hinges Figure 3 The roll out of the first trolley was a success as we could safely move the pigs from their pens to the surgery However it became apparent over time that the trolley needed to be modified and improved to minimise the amount of lifting required by the technologists To achieve this we needed to be able to raise and lower the floor of the crate which would allow the technologists to raise the pig to the level of the surgical table once it had been sedated without having to physically lift the pig The crate was redesigned to include a hydraulic floor all other specifications were based on the original design Figure 4 Figure 5 190 Figure 7 Pneumatic struts when the top is raised the pneumatic strut will keep it in that position

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 191 Poster Presentations One ramp is lowered down to show how the pig gains access Once the pig is inside the end panel is shut to prevent the pig from escaping For the pigs to be accustomed to procedural work they are trained and acclimatised to the crate using reward based training Figure 11 Figure 8 Access ramp is lowered Figure 9 Training rewards Figure 12 Showing crate with floor raised and in position for transfer of pig to surgical table Figures 10 11 A foot pedal at one end of the crate enables the floor to be raised to the same height as the surgical table Figure 13 14 The handle at the side raises and lowers the floor 191

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Poster Presentations Figure 14 Conclusions Working as a team to problem solve was ver y rewarding we focussed our design for the cage style crate around the pig s welfare and ensuring it was fit for use We continue to refine the pig crate and currently have a third design in production The modified design has additional space which includes length and height to accommodate pigs up to 200kg The crate still operates with a hydraulic system but is being made with reinforced aluminium to keep it lighter Having the opportunity to design and continually refine the pig crate makes us as technologists extremely proud Acknowledgements Raimondo Ascione Director of Translational Biomedical Research Centre TBRC British Heart Foundation Nicola Watts Director of Animal Services Unit 192 Page 192

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 193 December 2018 Animal Technology and Welfare Ultrasound to UltraSee The use of ultrasound to determine pregnancy in mice KIRSTY KEMP MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Ares Building Francis Crick Avenue Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge CB2 0QH Correspondence atweditor iat org uk Introduction In March 2017 MRC Ares bought an ultrasound machine to assist in determining pregnancy in timed mating mice Prior to this visual checks or palpation would be used to confirm pregnancy There were limitations with these methods as mice generally are not visibly pregnant until E12 5 palpation is not possible before E9 5 and is not always accurate Embryos are required for use at earlier time points which meant females had to be used regardless as there was no way of confirming pregnancy This led to animals being culled unnecessarily experimental delays and time lost undertaking unnecessary dissections Following appropriate training pregnancy can now be determined as early as E7 5 Method 1 Scruff the mouse and damp the fur with ethanol This eliminates air bubbles that could distort the images Currently we use 70 concentration of ethanol but we will be testing lower concentrations to see if they are as effective 2 Apply a generous amount of ultrasound gel The gel is used to provide a good connection between the probe and the skin so the ultrasound waves can produce an image 3 Press the probe firmly to the abdomen of the mouse beware of feet Mice tend to get their feet under the probe resulting in an unclear image so it is advisable to tuck a foot under a finger while scruffing Figures 1 4 Show procedure sequence Equipment G G G G G ultrasound PC small ultrasound probe ethanol wash ultrasound gel tissue Hold the probe horizontally to give a view of the pelvis This is best for earlier time points such as E8 5 Turn the probe vertically for a spinal view This is only useful at later time points such as E11 5 Wipe the gel off the mouse your hands and the work surface Figure 5 Ultrasound PC Figure 6 Ultrasound probe 193

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 194 Poster Presentations Figure 10 E10 5 Bone mass has started to develop and can be seen in pale grey Heartbeats can be seen at this point as a slight flicker Figure 7 Ultrasound scan of mouse showing normal anatomy When scanning for the pelvis as a focal point this is referred to as batman due to its shape If only one cavity can be seen above the pelvis this will be the bladder and not an embryo Pregnancy time line Figure 11 E11 5 The bones become denser and can be seen more clearly Figure 8 E7 5 and 8 5 Multiple round empty cavities can be seen Figure 9 E9 5 Cavities are larger but still appear empty 194 Figure 12 The form of the pups can be seen and the cavity is full rather than a black void Figure 13 E15 5 Pups appear fully formed Eye sockets rib cage and limbs can be seen Pups can be seen moving in the uterine horn at this point

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 195 Poster Presentations After 15 5 the pups do not change much other than to get larger Once they reach E18 5 all that can be seen of the scan is spines Thanks to Results All who have helped with my training with the ultrasound especially our Named Veterinary Surgeon Marisa Coetzee for arranging the specialists visits and purchasing foot pedal controls In March 2018 44 scans were carried out at different time points ranging from E7 5 12 5 Ross Hill for supplying pregnancy data and the mice 66 scanned correctly as pregnant 25 scanned correctly as not pregnant Success rate of 91 MRC Ares for buying the equipment The 25 not pregnant were reused My team in T26 for all the support and help they have given throughout this process Based on the gestation points of these females before the ultrasound scanner 45 of these females would have been culled regardless of pregnancy as they would have been too early to palpate Lastly a huge special thank you to Carolyn Karam who has been my training buddy from day one and without her support we would not be where we are today with the scans 55 could have been visually checked or palpated but there are accuracy limitations with this Ultrasound Scans Carried Out March 2018 Correct Pregnant and Sent Out Correct NOT Pregnant and Reused Incorrect Pregnant and Sent Out Incorrect NOT Pregnant Kept and Reused March 2018 91 Accuracy March 2017 Max 55 Accuracy 3Rs Reduction Animals are now only sent to the researcher when pregnancy is confirmed via ultrasound Non pregnant females can be kept and reused once they are clear of potential missed pups If a mouse was kept that was actually pregnant then these pups can then join the colony and the female can be reused in future timed matings Refinement Pregnancy checking via palpating can be quite stressful for the female and has the potential to injure the pups or induce abortions if done incorrectly Sometimes the females can be scruffed and palpated for quite some time depending on how experienced the technologist is The scanner is less invasive takes a few seconds and puts a lot less pressure on the females abdomen This piece of equipment allows us to be more accurate with our pregnancy checks 195

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 196 Animal Technology and Welfare December 2018 A novel approach for a more efficient mopping system MICHELLE WALLACE FIELDS JAMIE TACKETT LAURA RICHARDSON and JORI LESZCYZYNSKI University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus 13001 E 17th Place Aurora CO80045 USA Correspondence michelle wallace ucdenver edu AAALAC International Fellowship Award USA recipient 2018 Abstract Keeping an animal facility clean is a time consuming and expensive endeavour both in terms of product cost and labour costs to execute Bio exclusion continues to be extremely important to a well run animal facility thus Standard Operating Procedures SOPs have become more stringent increasing staff time spent to perform this task In addition industry wide there is a global effort to Go Green and be conscientious of the amount of chemicals and water that are being sent down the drain This poster addresses the steps taken at one institution to evaluate and ultimately implement a new mopping system in an effort to decrease labour time decrease chemical and water usage while maintaining bio exclusion requirements Background and significance The Office of Laboratory Animal Resources OLAR at the University of Colorado Denver has two 50 000 Figure 1 2 Original mopping system string mop and wringer style bucket system above 196

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 197 Poster Presentations square foot animal facilities In 2010 the institution underwent a large scale decontamination and rederivation effort and instituted strict bio exclusion SOPs including twice per day floor mopping in an effort to keep the facility specific pathogen free SPF This extensive mopping not only resulted in significant staff time but also used more than 880 gallons of concentrated quaternary cleaning solutions per year on surfaces including floors and walls In an effort to decrease labour and chemical costs while maintaining effective bio exclusion procedures we evaluated floor cleaning SOPs the tools that were utilised and the amount of chemical that was being used to try to determine alternate methods of performing this task alternatives to the SOP to help meet the objectives of decreased labour time decreased chemical usage and decreased water usage When the evaluation started OLAR s SOP for floor mopping involved the utilisation of traditional string mops and wringer style buckets The mop heads were used in the same area for one week and then sent to laundry Frequency of mopping occurred two times per day per area at approximately 30 minutes of labour time per mopping event or 1 hour of labour time per area per day including the time to fill the bucket with diluted chemical mop the floor empty the bucket rinse the mop and bucket and hang the mop Twenty areas were identified as needing this level of sanitation Alternative 2 A double mop bucket system utilising the same microfibre string mop head as used in alternative one One side of the bucket contained the diluted chemical and the other side was to catch the dirty water Step 2 After determining the best system to meet the objectives determine if the proposed system would maintain strict bioexclusion requirements and calculate start up costs Abstract Alternative 1 A microfibre string mop head utilising traditional wringer style bucket Each mop head was washed every 7 days Materials and methods Step 1 Three systems were identified as possible Figure 4 The double mop bucket system Alternative 3 A pre treated single use microfibre mop head Flat Mop cleaning system and a telescoping dexterous mop handle Each mop head held a standard amount of liquid the mop heads were not wrung out prior to use When diluted chemical was no longer being applied a new head was snapped into place until the task was completed Mop heads were washed after each use Figure 3 Microfibre string mop head 197

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 198 Poster Presentations Figure 8 Pushing button to engage head Results Step 1 Results Determining the ideal alternative mop system Alternative 1 The same mop buckets had to be filled no reduction in chemical and water use and the mop head had to be rinsed and re saturated several times during the mopping process The microfibre head was heavy and difficult to manoeuvre because of the volume of water that it held Least expensive option for start up of the three alternatives Not chosen to proceed to step 2 Figure 5 Alternative 3 in use Alternative 2 The dual buckets used the same amount of chemical with more water use Buckets were heavy and difficult to manoeuvre The dirty mop head was contaminating the clean chemical water The start up cost of the dual buckets and mops was the most expensive of the three alternatives Not chosen to proceed to step 2 Alternative 3 Used only the volume of water and chemical required to fully saturate mop heads resulting in a decrease in chemical and water use Up to 20 mop heads could be pre soaked decreasing labour time Mop heads were easy to manipulate Met all three objectives for Step 1 therefore chosen to move to Step 2 evaluation Figure 6 Lid placed on container Step 2 Results Evaluation of bio exclusion requirements and start up costs Samples were collected from housing suite floors and incubated for 72 hours on RODAC plates Floors were subject to research and staff traffic throughout the day as well as equipment traffic Figure 7 Placing pad on mop 198

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 199 Poster Presentations The old mopping system string mop with a mop bucket resulted in high Colony Forming Units CFUs on a RODAC plate even with twice per day mopping Low to no CFUs via RODAC testing using the Flat Mop Controls were performed to ensure accuracy Figure 9 New system being used on ceilings and floors Low to no CFUs via RODAC testing using the Flat Mop System was attained with a mopping frequency of twice per day which led us to evaluate once per day mopping Conclusions After working with alternative 3 the results of the bacteriological samples indicated that not only could the Institution switch to this new method but that mopping could be decreased to only once per day resulting in additional labour savings while still maintaining the depar tments bio exclusion programme This was because the cross contamination of mop water did not occur and the mop heads were cleaned after each use Ultimately the decrease in mopping to once per day combined with the decrease in time associated with filling mop buckets wringing mop heads and rinsing buckets significantly decreased labour time The efficiencies found in using the new mop system reduced the amount of labour time spent from one hour to 15 minutes per area per day The identification and efficiency of the new mopping system resulted in dramatic cost savings in labour time chemical and water usage for a total yearly savings of 116 395 91 The start up cost of converting to the new mopping system was 3 153 70 Therefore the total amount saved in the first year was 113 242 21 Additionally the mop system was tried on the walls Figure 10 New system being used on ceilings and floors Figure 11 New system being used on ceilings and floors 199

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Poster Presentations ceilings and fixtures and worked remarkably well The dexterity of the handle allows for easy manoeuvrability over head and around obstacles As a result this system was also implemented for use on the walls ceilings and fixtures saving the department additional labour time and costs Cost Start up price for the microfiber system 62 06 per system Mop buckets 25 34 Telescoping handle 9 70 Mop frame 19 37 Mop pads 7 65 One mop head cleans approximately 154 square feet of space Mop head is replaced when chemical is no longer evenly applied to floor Additional mop heads are necessary for providing change outs for those that are in the laundry Controls were performed Staff comments I really like that there is no need for wringing and they can be used on floors ceilings It s like swiffering on steroids It s easier lighter faster gets into corners under equipment and into small spaces it s even easily rotated for access behind and around equipment I no longer need to waste time dipping dunking and sloshing to try to clean a soiled mop in a bucket full of floaters In a pinch you can even pull the mop head off its handle and use it as a rag saving a trip to the clean supply area Occupational Health Providers who saw the system commented on the improved ergonomics They appreciated that the system eliminates the lifting and dumping of buckets of water the wringing of mop heads and how much lighter the system is 200 Page 200

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 December 2018 Page 201 Animal Technology and Welfare Three little pigs straw sticks and bricks I ll blow your house down LINDSEY DUCKETT LOUISE PHELON and LIONEL WHEELER Animal Services Unit Bristol Veterinary School University of Bristol Langford BS40 5DU Correspondence lou phelon bristol ac uk Background Bristol Veterinary School Langford Campus runs a number of scientific animal projects of which some involve pigs Sus scrofa The use of animals in scientific procedures is controlled by the Animals Scientific Procedures Act 1986 Research pigs are housed in compliance with the Home Office Code of practice for the housing and care of animals bred supplied or used for scientific purposes Pigs are studied to improve welfare and productivity on a commercial basis as well as being used in biomedical research Pigs are widely used in this process because their size and anatomy are very similar to humans Design The pens need to be strong and resilient whilst providing both privacy and socialisation for the pigs In order for a scientific project involving animals to run smoothly it is essential that the Animal Technologists have a good understanding of both the animals they are dealing with and of the project itself Therefore our input to the design was crucial for making a 5 star accommodation Welfare Design and the 3Rs The design of the pens was focussed around the 3Rs Replacement Reduction and Refinement Refinement was the main focus as better housing will help minimise pain and suffering and improve the animal s welfare Figure 1 A Vet School pig Sus scrofa Cardiovascular disease and conditions affecting the brain are major causes of ill health NHS surgeons linked to the University of Bristol are developing interventions to improve the clinical outcome for patients suffering from such conditions Before these interventions can be used on patients they must be shown to be safe and effective The long term nature of these studies meant that there was a need to develop a facility to keep pigs for prolonged periods This poster describes the problems and solutions that were taken into account when designing the unit in which there were several aspects to consider for example Purpose To accommodate large farm animals Welfare Is it safe and does it provide them with a suitable and stimulating environment Figure 2 Pig accommodation at the University of Bristol Veterinary School 201

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 202 Poster Presentations Galvanised steel was used to make the pens strong and resilient and reinforced into the ground In order to clean the pens easily sheet steel was added to the back of the pens To ensure that the floors were not slippery they were scored this was to help provide a better grip surface for the pigs which would help prevent injuries As pigs are social animals the pens include a section where the metal bars allow neighbouring animals to see each other There is also an area with a solid panel which allows the pig to have privacy should they choose For the purposes of versatility the pens were designed to include both a pig and sheep drinker to enable us to house both species in this facility Figures 5 6 Sections of bars allow pigs to see each other Environmental enrichment Figure 3 New pig accommodation showing both pig and sheep drinkers Environmental enrichment is stimulation for the pig from its physical and social surroundings It is used to help enhance the quality of life by providing the environmental stimuli necessar y for optimal psychological and physiological wellbeing Pigs are intelligent animals that require environmental stimulation as part of their care and welfare For thousands of years pigs have foraged to find enough food so that they have the right balance of nutrients to keep them healthy It is vital to prevent pigs becoming bored as this leads to undesirable behaviours The key to preventing this is to provide enrichment to encourage foraging and wherever possible pigs should be socially housed in pairs or groups Environmental enrichment comes in many forms some include Figure 4 Close up of scored floor which reduces slipping 202 Food treats These are good for encouraging foraging and training Apples carrots bananas and Polo sweets are their favourites

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 203 Poster Presentations Straw This offers a number of benefits as it is good for foraging and it provides thermal insulation and physical cushioning Straw is provided as bedding Toys Great for chewing such as tyre biters balls chains cardboard boxes and rubber dog toys Pigs soon become bored with indestructible objects and chewable objects keep their interest Human contact Even though all these enrichments provide a more stimulating environment pigs love nothing more than interaction with the Animal Technologists Figure 7 Multi purpose straw provides bedding and environmental enrichment Figure 10 The finished accommodation with pigs in situ Animal welfare is at the forefront of every aspect of their care this is reinforced by the level of training and experience of the Animal Technologists By spending time with the pigs this enables the technologist to gain their trust which ultimately results in forming a bond with them subsequently helping to create a more relaxed stress free environment Conclusions Animal work requires patience and flexibility but it is rewarding when a successful project has been completed and the animals care has been a major contributor to helping to achieve the scientific goals set As Animal Technologists we are extremely proud to have had the opportunity to use our experiences and knowledge to assist with the design of this animal facility and knowing that it is well equipped and suited for larger animals Figure 8 Pigs love toys Close up of a tyre biter toy Acknowledgements Raimondo Ascione Director of Translational Biomedical Research Centre TBRC British Heart Foundation Nicola Watts Director of Animal Services Unit Figure 9 Enjoying an apple treat and some human company 203

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 27 Page 204 Animal Technology and Welfare December 2018 I3S software as a refinement technique to identify individuals within a captive Scyliorhinus canula population CHARLOTTE McMURRAY 1 NATASHA ALLEN 1 2 SAM HOOK 1 ANNA VERISSMO 3 TIMO MORITZ4 and HOLLY SHIELS1 1 2 3 4 Faculty of Biological Medical and Human Sciences University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL Biological Facility Services University of Manchester Stopford Building Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL CIBIO Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources University of Porto Campus de Vair o Rua Padre Armando Quintas no 7 4485 661 Vair o Portugal Deutsches Meeresuem Museum of Oceanography and Fisheries German Maritime Museum Katharineberg 14 20 18439 Stralsund Germany Correspondence natasha allen manchester ac uk Introduction Demarking individual animals within a group is often required in research However the process of invasive tagging induces stress and if a tag becomes detached it may wound the animal and or prevent identification Photo identification using natural marks can be an alternative strategy It is relatively cheap and should induce minimum stress and or damage therefore improving the welfare of the animal Thus video recognition has the potential to be a refinement of current tagging methods for aquatic organisms to determine the match We tested the utility of this software for recognising individuals within a captive population of catsharks over 14 weeks of development post hatch We also looked at the relatedness between sharks to see if spot patterns were hereditary I3S is a free computer aided photo identification application that relies on natural marks to identify animals The user will manually point out the most distinguishing features using reference points see Figure 1 which are stored in a database When this step is completed subsequent images can be searched against these reference points automatically Figure 1 Individuals G12 and G77 after fingerprint input 204 Figure 2 a Photos were taken of individuals on each of the weeks displayed on the graph in addition to week 16 Week 16 photos were compared to those of the preceding weeks and the similarity recognition between images were calculated Each point in the graph represents one individual The recognition score refers to how similar the software considered two photographs of the same individual to be lower scores indicate higher similarity The overall trend shows that the scores decline over time showing that the software recognises individuals more successfully as the sharks get older b Inset shows the recognition scores of individuals G12 and G77 are plotted showing that individuals can be tracked over time

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 28 Page 205 Poster Presentations Figure 3 The family tree showing the relationship between our 17 sharks There is a dominance of Father 1 F1 genetics within our population Gen 2 as this individual has mated with all four available females and has produced over 70 of the surviving offspring 12 out of 17 individuals Although all females have produced surviving offspring within the population Mother 4 M4 has produced 41 of gen 2 7 individuals This is the first case of genetic dominance within a population which could be a result of mating or sperm competition Patterning and fidelity of recognition were independent of family relationship Conclusion Individuals should be photographed every week until the major markings become available as the software recognises individuals more successfully when the sharks are older In terms of refinement this has the potential to replace invasive methods such as tagging By implementing this software we can ensure the welfare of the animal is not being compromised Following this further studies will be needed to investigate the effects of growth This technique may also be applied to other aquatic models such as zebrafish and Xenopus replacing invasive tagging Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge The Fisheries Society of the British Isles for a summer studentship to Charlotte McMurray Dr Bianka Grunow for her help with shipping the embryos and to Syafiq Musa Graham Morrissey David Mortell and Emma Owen for shark husbandry these authors contributed equally 205

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 28 Page 206 Animal Technology and Welfare December 2018 Training and development opportunities and expectations for biological research facility staff HELEN BAILEY The Francis Crick Institute 1 Midland Road Kings Cross London NW1 1AT Correspondence helen bailey crick ac uk Abstract and Introduction This poster describes the provision of training and development opportunities for Biological Research Facility BRF staff at The Francis Crick Institute what is currently being provided and future plans to implement a structured development programme to cater for all skills behaviours and knowledge required in the varied roles Plans to implement continuous training and development opportunities for a large cohort of staff have begun with a training matrix presenting the training available and what is expected for each role and level within the BRF With the formation of The Francis Crick Institute in 2015 from its founding organisations there was a need to ensure harmonisation of training and working practices within the BRF Training is an essential part of both the BRF and the animal technology industry in general being both a legal and ethical requirement offering development opportunities for staff and also supporting a culture of care Watson which led to the identification of the structure of DNA in 1953 The Francis Crick Institute is a world class medical research institute striving to understand and overcome the most significant diseases affecting people today such as cancer heart disease stroke infections and neurodegenerative diseases It brings together the MRC s National Institute for Medical Research NIMR and Cancer Research UK s London Research Institute LRI with the Wellcome Trust UCL Imperial College London King s College London and top scientists from around the world working in new and multidisciplinary ways making discoveries to improve people s health The opening of the new building at Midland Road in 2016 amalgamated a previously multi site operation consisting of over 550 personal licences working under 55 separate project licences The Francis Crick Institute is a unique partnership between The EU Directive 2010 63 EU requires that staff are adequately educated and trained to perform any of the following functions A B C D Carrying out procedures on animals Designing procedures and projects Taking care of animals or Killing animals The revised Animals Scientific Procedures Act 1986 came into effect in 2013 to reflect the EU directive The role of the BRF Training Manager was created in 2017 with the remit to provide training to the BRF specifically relating to Function C taking care of animals About The Francis Crick Institute Francis Crick is best known for his work with James 206 Building facts G G G G G G G the building opened in 2016 it is based in the heart of London next to St Pancras Station and the British Library 12 floors 4 levels below ground 8 above 1 700 users scientists support services and visitors has a floor space of 93 000m2 which is nearly 1 million square feet or the size of 13 football fields over 1000 rooms the arching roof conceals cooling systems and 1700m2 photovoltaic cells

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 28 Page 207 Poster Presentations The department has over 170 staff consisting of skilled animal technologists support staff procedural technicians administrators management and specialist platforms The Francis Crick Institute is a multi species establishment with a capacity for G G G 150 000 rodents 32 000 IVC cages 75 000 zebrafish 4100 tanks Xenopus laevisn and tropicalis 775 tanks Also ferrets G opossums G insectary G eggs G Figure 1 View of The Francis Crick Institute Nick Guttridge Why create a training plan About the BRF The Francis Crick Institute is a new entity albeit one that is formed primarily from experienced staff from the NIMR MRC and LRI CR UK each having their own processes and methods of work The Biological Research Facility BRF is the department housing and caring for all the animals used for research at The Francis Crick Institute It also provides procedural administrative and legislative support to the researchers A large number of new staff have also been employed to compliment the established workforce and they required training from day 1 The staff have been working hard since the formation of The Francis Crick Institute in 2015 to create a harmonised method of work the training of new and existing staff falls under this responsibility It is also important to ensure a culture of care exists within The Francis Crick Institute which will be embedded into training and development opportunities Training ensures that the technicians know how to care for the animals correctly it helps to motivate them to learn more about their job and ongoing research and it provides them with the confidence to interact with scientists building a good working relationship with strong communication links and to ensuring the 3Rs are applied consistently A training matrix lists the various courses and workshops each grade within the BRF are expected to achieve It provides an easy to understand overview of the requirements for training for every level within the BRF that managers and staff can use to ensure training expectations are met and assist with PDR objectives and career development Figure 2 Structure of the BRF By colour coding the matrix into essential desirable and nice to have categories people can easily see the importance of a course or workshop to the level they are working at 207

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 28 Poster Presentations BRF Operations Training Development Plan BRF Operations Training Development Plan 208 Page 208

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 28 Page 209 Poster Presentations New starters This summer we employed 15 new animal technicians Research Officers or ROs and a number of Support Technicians STs These all needed training and I further developed the existing 12 month plan for new starters to include a specific BRF induction and the creation of specific workbook for the Suppor t Technicians to go alongside the existing workbooks for the rodent and aquatic ROs These workbooks are intended to create a basic understanding of the new role and comprise of around 50 questions covering basic aspects of the role animal research and legislation animal welfare and health and safety The process for new starters is as follows Workshops An important area I have been working on is the development of various workshops to improve people s knowledge and understanding of relevant topics The workshops currently running are Institute of Animal Technology Qualifications At The Francis Crick Institute we support the Institute of Animal Technology IAT and believe that gaining qualifications at Level 2 is an essential requirement for an RO and the baseline professional qualification that all new Animal Technicians achieve regardless of previous academic qualifications This also fulfills function C of the EU Directive that of staff taking care of animals Those that wish to progress their careers within the BRF are encouraged to continue to Level 3 and higher Continuing Professional Development CPD Human Resources HR run a number of different courses that are for everyone at The Francis Crick Institute not just the BRF This gives the staff the chance to interact with people who work in different areas and have different approaches to their work They include 209

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 28 Page 210 Poster Presentations the different grades and roles within the industry enabling people to gain qualifications and develop skills so they can progress from a trainee to running their own unit facility or diversifying in a specialist role Training helps personal development and motivates people to succeed and progress or gain new knowledge skills and competencies Recording training and competence Figure 3 Functions of the Training and Competency Database The Training and Competency Database is currently under development to also capture information on progression of IAT qualifications training on the Mouse Tracking Database workshop attendence and the accruement of CPD for every member of the BRF It will then be able to run reports on individual records or workshop attendence etc All HR courses are run using the Core HR database which captures attendence on those courses Information can be collated into various reports but this system is separate and is not compatible with the Training and Competency Database Summary Both the EU Directive 2010 63 EU and the Animals Scientific Procedures Act 1986 have a requirement to train people working with and caring for research animals Together with this legal requirement there is also the ethical perspective where animal technicians need training in order to provide good levels of care and welfare for the animals Good training makes Animal Technology into a career as it plots a pathway through 210 Together with the BRF Professional Development Manager I hold regular Training Operations Meetings with the Senior Managers of the BRF to update them on developments listen to suggestions and plan new ways to further develop the training and development within the BRF I now chair the monthly Technician Discussion TDG meetings which are a chance for representatives from each animal unit to get together and discuss any courses seminars they have attended any developments within the units and to keep updated on news from the wider animal technology industry I also try to be professional but approachable in my relationship with the staff in the department so that they feel comfortable speaking to me and making suggestions Training is not a static area but instead continues to flow and develop encompassing new ideas and new ways of doing things so it is important that I continue to develop and keep abreast of new ideas and initiatives that can help both my role and the people I work with Especially I need to create and develop new ways of making my training sessions interesting as it is crucial that people should want to undergo training a room full of people who are made to attend may be unmotivated and unwilling to learn An important part of being a training manager is to inspire and motivate people to want to achieve and learn and that is going to be my challenge for the future Acknowledgements Many thanks go to Alan Palmer BRF Professional Development Manager for his help and advice in creating this poster References Francis Crick Institute Architecture https www crick ac uk our building architecture Gov uk Guidance on the Operation of ASPA https www gov uk government uploads system uploads attachment_ data file 662364 Guidance_on_the_ Operation_of_ASPA pdf

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 28 Page 211 December 2018 Animal Technology and Welfare Setting up a Containment Level 2 area the processes and challenges involved ALEXANDRA DALE The Francis Crick Institute 1 Midland Road Kings Cross London NW1 1AT Correspondence alexandra dale crick ac uk Introduction This poster describes the processes involved in setting up a Containment Level 2 area within the new Francis Crick Institute building I will identify and discuss the challenges faced and the methodology used to overcome these to establish a safe efficient work environment with suitable SOPs and entry procedures with all the required equipment for researchers and technicians to work effectively and safely Why is containment 2 important at The Francis Crick Institute Containment level 2 facilities are for use with biological agents classified as Hazard Group 2 by the Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens Agents in Hazard Group 2 are defined thus A biological agent that can cause human disease and may be a hazard to employees it is unlikely to spread to the community and there is usually effective prophylaxis or effective treatment available Containment 2 is an important room to have as scientists need to be able to work with class 2 potential infectious pathogens safely Examples of what we work with in CL2 are toxoplasma listeria candida and streptococcus Currently we have 7 main user groups and a maximum capacity of 800 cages but the number of cages varies depending on experiments Figure 2 Listeria Figure 3 Streptococcus Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Figure 1 Toxoplasma scale 10 m with x100 objective Candida albicans in red Neutrophils attacking Candida in green and nuclei of kidney cells in blue Figure 4 Candida albicans X20 magnification 211

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 28 Page 212 Poster Presentations Working in Containment 2 is important as it minimises the risk of contamination to the staff working with the mice who may have zoonotic diseases human commensals CL2 work is needed as it stops different animal pathogens being transmitted to other mouse colonies and minimises cross contamination between animals that have the diseases however there is a lower chance of animals picking up these diseases compared to a human Challenges Solution The room prior to set up was just a normal CL1 room and needed to be converted into a CL2 room Procurement of equipment and having it commissioned by engineers Learning acceptable and operational standards for the equipment in the room Adding specialised equipment such as a formaldehyde meter The meters are for when we fumigate the hood and in the case of malfunction if fumes are detected in the room It is linked to the Building Management System BMS and will stop people entering the room if dangerous Having rooms in the room fitted with automatic watering Taking the watering valves off the rack and adding water pouches to minimise cross contamination Working together as a team to ensure best practice and create new SOPs that ensure consistency Adding a third SFB hood to the room which gave the users more space to work in Monitoring the mice for SFB by using faecal pellet samples Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial cells HUVEC infected with Toxoplasma green and stained with Hoechst for DNA blue and ubiquitin red Personal Protective Equipment PPE It is important whilst working with mice in the CL2 room that additional PPE personal protective equipment is worn This includes wearing a lab coat over scrubs over sleeves and two sets of gloves The top pair of gloves are orange which is more noticeable and are thicker than normal This makes it quick and easy to see if someone is wearing contaminated gloves outside the room The correct procedure for using PPE will be shown to all new people during their induction Entry Exit Take off first pair of normal gloves Put on orange pair of gloves over the sleeves and first pair of gloves Remove lab coat Put over sleeves onto your arms make a hole for the thumb near the top to stop the over sleeve falling down Peal off orange gloves with over sleeves and pull them off Put on Lab coat Put on first pair of gloves Roll down your over sleeves until reaching the orange gloves Wash hands Figure 5 Entry and exit procedure Figure 6 Correct CL2 PPE 212 Having different members of staff coming from different legacy sites with different experience working culture and working patterns Adding Segmented filamentous bacteria SFB into the room which can quickly colonise and needs to be contained It caused problems in the MSC hoods as the SFB hood was becoming too busy and congested from all the users using it Having two MSC hoods close to each other meaning that the airflow from one would flow into the other This would then blow harmful biological agents out of the hood Having too much equipment inside the hoods waiting for fumigation before it could be taken out For example large bottles Scales breaking regularly installing a diffuser onto one of the hoods to prevent the airflow being blown into the next hood decanting the liquid in smaller bottles which take up less space By labelling the scales so that users didn t leave Figure 7 Layout of rooms

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 28 Page 213 Poster Presentations Induction into CL2 When initially setting up CL2 researchers and technicians were required to undergo a CL2 Induction to show them how to use the hoods and equipment safely An Induction Tick Sheet was followed and completed to enable them to be signed off as trained This process now continues for any new technicians and researchers requiring access On the door of the room we have a list of technicians and researchers that are trained and can work in the CL2 room Figure 8 Induction tick sheet STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE Cleaning out cages in HR1 CL2 PURPOSE Cleaning out soiled bedding in CL2 room efficiently minimising cross contamination EQUIPMENT NEEDED Walker s CLASS II Hood WSC PPE orange gloves oversleeves and Blue lab coat Anistel Wipes 1 Anistel Spray Rodent Diet in small zip lock bags Nesting Material in small zip lock bags Tecniplast cage bases with fresh bedding Tecniplast cage lid Blue Autoclave bags Yellow bags Grey CL2 waste Containers Boxes Neat Anistel in 50ml Universal Tube 1ml 2ml syringes Plexx pouches and nozzles Balconies with barriers PRECAUTIONS and Note G Prior to starting any clean out ensure the CL2 hood is adequately equipped with all required supplies to avoid unnecessarily going back and forth once dirty cages are in the hood G Ensure you have read and understood the PPE guideline notes in the room and you are fully kitted as required before commencing any work in the hood G Always take precautions Disinfect the hood before starting any work by spraying down the surfaces in the hood G Ensure any work in the hood will not overlap with time when users have booked the same hood In the event of a delay or prolonged use of the Class II hood please notify RS ASAP who will then notify the user and find a compromise with the user in question etc G When you begin to clean out ensure you clean out in a manner that similar experimental cohorts i e cages belonging to the same POW code and start date are all cleaned out together This will mean a reduced likelihood of cross contamination and supplies can be kept in the hood until a particular cohort has been completely cleaned out before a fresh batch is placed into the hood for the next cohort PROCEDURE 1 Disinfect surfaces with 1 Anistel spray and wipe down with paper towels Discard these into the WSC bin lined with a blue autoclave bag 2 Ensure you organise room within the hood to safely manoeuvre when cleaning out so that a clear plan is set of how you intend to go about cleaning out effectively and efficiently reducing risk of any possible cross contamination 3 Place stacks of three clean cage bases with bedding a bag of diet and nesting material into the hood Mouse houses balconies and other enrichment maybe introduced as required per individual cage needs when the cage is introduced into the hood 4 Place dirty cages in the hood and remove cage lids wipe hands and oversleeves with Anistel wipes prior to moving mice into the new cage 5 Transfer the mice along with the food hopper nesting material mouse houses and balconies into the fresh cage base If necessary top up diet and seal bag again after this is done and change waterpouches if water level is low 6 Once the cage is closed and ready to return on the rack Anistel wipe all surfaces and spray 1 Anistel parts of the cage you cannot reach Wipe hands and oversleeves again before removing the cage from the hood to return it to the rack 7 When the clean bases have all been used place a clean cage lid over the 3 dirty bases and whilst in the hood place into a blue autoclave bag seal it and spray it out of the hood 8 Place them into a second blue autoclave bag and tie it or seal with autoclavable rubberband tape 9 Place the bagged up cages into a Grey CL2 waste container seal the bag and attach a strip of autoclave tape Write on the strip the contents of the box date and unit facility they are from 10 Repeat steps 3 9 until all clean out is complete ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Working in an organised and pre planned manner will ensure crosscontamination is minimised G Figure 9 SOP for cleaning out within CL2 213

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 28 Page 214 Poster Presentations SOPs Standard Operating Procedures SOPs are important when setting up and working in a containment room as they ensure everyone is performing tasks in a safe and consistent way Figure 10 Cycle of cleaning out within CL2 Figure 13 MSC hoods Acknowledgements Tinashe Matambanadzo Alec Gallager Helen Bailey Alan Palmer Monqiue Bunyan Barbara Clough Marianna Ioannou Clare Brazil Adams https sites google com site shaqgoldbondfootpray home eubacteria eubacteria streptococcuspnumoniae http www bar fblog com 2017 12 south africangrocers urged to test food for listeria not sure thatwould do much for public health Figure 11 Cleaning out within CL2 Figure 12 Warning sign on CL2 door 214

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 28 Page 215 December 2018 Animal Technology and Welfare The 7 Ws a framework for using study sheets to improve animal welfare JOY PENSON R C THOMAS P A JONES I N RICKETTS C R PENSON and CAROLINE CHADWICK Unit of Biomedical Services University of Birmingham Vincent Drive Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TF Correspondence j e penson bham ac uk BMSU study guide protocol sheet This form must be completed and returned to BMSU with your requisition Is this a New Protocol Yes No USER DETAILS Have you carried out this exact protocol in BMSU before on this strain species Yes NO WHO PIL Holder Tel Date PIL No Email Auth No LICENCE DETAILS WHICH PPL No Protocol No 19b Exp No Title of Procedure Study Guide Risk Assessment Aim Objective WHY Sample Size Start date Species Strain ID or ARMIS cage Protocol WHAT End date WHEN WHERE Retrospective Severity Animal ID Severity Band Risk to animals adverse effects WELFARE Expected Common Uncommon Rare Endpoint Special Instructions Risk to Staff Please attach a risk assessment Class Safety 2 Figure 1 BMSU study guide protocol sheet Please note that sizing and spacings of the form have been adjusted to meet print restrictions 215

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 28 Page 216 Poster Presentations Is this a new protocol Benefits of the 7 Ws This allows us to be absolutely clear as to whether a protocol is new to this user group sex or strain If any of these are true it may trigger a meeting with a group of the Named Persons mostly the Named Animal Care and Welfare Officers NACWOs and the Named Veterinary Surgeon NVS This will be to discuss whether a pilot is needed or whether an experienced person will be observing the new person carrying out an established protocol One of the benefits for animals undergoing a study and the animal care staff especially the NACWOs is the ability to identify in any animal giving cause for concern whether or not this is expected or has gone beyond the norm Continued use in subsequent studies gives all concerned the opportunity to build a record of effects to refine endpoints and take the animal at the earliest point to minimise suffering Who Details of the Project Licence The guide gives a clear timetable of procedures this should include time points start and end dates which helps animal care staff ensure the study stays on track and that key time points are not missed and the end dates are adhered to Any changes made to the study will usually result in a re submitted up to date guide Why BMSU study protocol sheet Aims and Objectives of the Study connected to the Project Licence Protocols but specific to this study This is when we check that the purpose is covered under the PPL This form must be completed and returned to BMSU with your requisition Details of the Personal Licensee Contact details are important to allow us to get in touch with the researcher if there are any concerns or queries Which What when where details of the study What What animals will be included what will be done to these animals When The dates of the study start end and each procedure with Time Points if relevant Where Where it will take place BMSU or outlying rooms Sites of intervention on the animals Helps staff to prepare and highlight dates and times for increased observation and checks Welfare Primarily concerns the welfare of the animals on the study including adverse effects also includes welfare of the staff associated with the study We ask for as much information as possible here to give all the technicians and Named Persons a clear view of what the animals are expected to experience during the study 216

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 28 Page 217 Poster Presentations Figure 2 Completed form showing relevant information 6 With this framework in place as you can see it allows our users to provide a great deal of information which is relevant to the procedure allowing unit staff to understand clearly what they should see and specifically what they should watch out for This also allows all technicians to be able to understand exactly what has happened to the animals if the regular staff are unavailable such as at the weekend N B All images taken from Wikimedia Commons Names contact details and licence numbers given in example protocol are anonymised 217

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare Animal Technology and Welfare 218 20 12 18 07 28 Page 218 December 2018

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 28 Page 219 December 2018 Animal Technology and Welfare BOOK REVIEWS Fundamentals of Laboratory Animal Science Edited by Enqi Liu and Jianglin Fan Authors Changqing Gao Dongmei Tan Yi Tan Qi Yu Sihai Zhao By Brian Lowe Enqi Lui and Jianglin Fan are distinguished researchers holding a number of academic positions in China and Japan and who have published more than reviewed journal articles between them This book develops their previous covering aspects of laboratory animal science in China by producing a standard animal science textbook in English to reach a global audience prominent 200 peertextbooks laboratory This book is designed to systemically cover the theory required to successfully plan and execute an effective research project using laboratory animals in eight chapters rather ambitiously in 350 pages it is intended to be a standard textbook and life tool for undergraduate researchers Animal Technologists postgraduate researchers veterinarians and other professionals who are involved in research using animals brief history of the progress that has been made in developing animal welfare whilst interesting really requires a larger discussion especially as it tries to cover global developments However the emphasis of poor welfare on both the validity of the scientific studies and the ethical justification of animal experimentation is effective and useful for anyone involved in laboratory animal science The mention of specific scoring or behavioural measures are left to further chapters Throughout the book there is a strong emphasis on animal welfare and good science and this is underpinned by the first two chapters which stress the importance of constant critical appraisal of current methodology so it can be improved over time and best practice can be applied by all those involved in animal research The book starts with an unnecessary and complicated discussion defining laboratory animals in comparison to domestic or wild animals This is a good example of the authors struggle to appeal to all of their target audience I suspect academics will be frustrated by the lack of detailed critique and those wanting practical guidance would skip this and want a more basic introduction to the laboratory animal science which often presumes a degree of prior knowledge Chapter 3 introduces the concept of quality control for those that are new to animal breeding and genetic manipulation This chapter offers a ver y broad coverage and introduction to commonly used breeding methods and how they are used in the laboratory setting It also includes strategies for monitoring the quality of the strains over time The chapter moves on to talk about microbiological standardisation and the different classifications of microbiological status and how these might be used in the different experimental settings Again for those that are new to the field there are ver y good examples of why the control of pathogenic organisms is important in terms of animal welfare and good science and how different strategies can be used to prevent pathogens entering the animal facility However there is a lack of specifics for more senior professionals Chapter 2 sets out the impact of distress stress and pain on the physiology and behaviour of animals The Chapter 4 makes an attempt to cover the anatomy physiology and husbandr y of common laborator y 219

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 28 Page 220 Book Reviews species but as there are entire textbooks devoted to single species it can only touch on some of the key areas of interest for some example species Of all the chapters this is inevitably the most superficial and is frustrating for the reader in trying to cover too much in too little space leading to some confusion and contradiction However it does successfully give the reader a good impression of the importance of treating each species and strain as having their own unique needs and provides the reader with a good basis for future research Chapter 5 introduces important scientific principles covering the development of animal models It is a really useful chapter that helps integrate the ethics of using animal models with the practical scientific use There are lots of good examples of how different models have contributed to good science Chapter 6 focusses on mice rats hamsters guinea pigs and rabbits which seems to be the more commonly used species in Japan and China Trying to cover animal restraint scientific manipulation sexing and identification methodologies is inevitably limited compared to the more interactive audio visual training tools commonly available now There are much better sources of information on these topics which are readily available which support the practical application of manual skills on laboratory animals The final chapters cover experimental design and the organisation and management of research projects Throughout the chapters the authors focus heavily on the importance of animal welfare and the use of suitable controls to minimise variation They demonstrate effectively the consequences of poor experimental design and control relating this to the 3Rs These chapters are both useful and effective as an introduction to the subject and provide clear examples of the consequences of poorly thought out and planned experiments and how they lead to poor science and poor welfare Whilst the level of detail is probably insufficient for experienced researchers it will at least be an effective review of their prior learning and a good reminder of the importance of best practice in all aspects of animal research For technologists and undergraduates it is a clear and ver y useful introduction to the subject and would prove useful for anyone involved in the ethical review process It is important to recognise that some of the details in any book which is written by exper ts from one geographical location operating under specific legislative controls may not always be applicable in different regions operating under different legislation Despite the best efforts of any author small errors can be missed in the writing and publication of journals and books This book is no different and care must be taken to ensure that information taken from any source 220 is verified and applicable to the context in which the reader intends to use the information The authors have tried to include a global perspective but without the space to cover this sufficiently it can be confusing and frustrating and there are obvious omissions including an awareness of some of the excellent resources and qualifications already available covering this area In summary while there is much to be frustrated about in such an ambitious project this book is easy to read is logically laid out and provides an interesting and extremely useful introduction for undergraduates or animal technologists It gives them the opportunity to gain a broad insight into the process of good experimental design and the broad application of good science and welfare providing a solid basis on which they can build more detailed information on laboratory animal science It is definitely worth the time to read

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 28 December 2018 Page 221 Animal Technology and Welfare The Magic of Touch healing effects of animal touch and animal presence Authors Viktor and Annie Reinhardt By Theresa Langford Published by Animal Welfare Institute second Edition 2017 A not for profit charitable organisation founded in the USA in 1951 dedicated to reducing animal suffering caused by people All those who work with or otherwise have close contact with animals in whatever sphere know that most animal species actively seek the companionship of their own species or if that is not available that of a suitable and sometimes overtly unsuitable substitute For those whose careers as Animal Technologists place them in the world of laboratory animals will know that even in this wholly artificial environment and the manner in which species are held within cages pens or rooms does not diminish this basic immutable requirement As such it is recognised in the UK by the Home Office and others interested in animal welfare that holding animals within solitary confinement for whatever reason by means of single housing is expressly restricted unless justification can be made under the Animal Scientific Procedures Act 1986 This book describes and evidences the physical and emotional benefits of being in the presence of social animals this includes animal to animal and animal and human where animals engage with humans as well as relationships experienced by wild animals The book provides differing scenarios showing animal species interacting but the primary focus is on human and animal relationships Although not covered in this book anyone who has viewed the 1950s film footage of the American psychologist Dr Harry Frederick Harlow 1905 1981 investigating the bond between infants and their mother maternal deprivation and social isolation using Rhesus macaques cannot be in any doubt of the absolute need for the presence of their mother or substitute above essentials for life such as the provision of milk https youtu be _O60TYAIgC4 One must remember this is not a scientific textbook and appreciate the reader will be primarily interested in animal behaviours and the relationships between animals and with humans as terms such as life affirming energy may initially jar but the Introduction states It is our wish that this book will foster an appreciation of a rather mysterious capacity that is biologically inherent in all animals and interconnects them on a deeply positive level beyond species boundaries and as such the book does what it says on the tin There is an extensive reference section running to 16 pages providing ample material for those wishing to delve further into the fascinating field of animal to animal and animal and human relationships For those interested in laboratory animals there are references to rats early on in the book pages 2 and 3 with references to encourage further reading provided Subsequently other species seen within the laboratory environment also feature rabbits dogs cats sheep and primates On page 25 there is a statement which some will feel as negative Animals in research laboratories are often touched by not so friendly people during procedures that are life threatening and or painful but the authors go on to acknowledge that laboratory animals do develop relationships with their care providers and can learn to trust a friendly person Benefits of humans being in close contact with socialised animals are recorded as including alleviating depression healing and pain relief The quality of human life can be improved by having a relationship with an animal and this may result in improvement in the health of the person such that persons with animal care responsibilities make fewer visits to their Doctor perhaps due to having a reason 221

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 28 Book Reviews to get up each day and provide for an animal otherwise dependent on the human concerned It is proven that living with a companion animal is beneficial to health by reducing blood pressure compared to those persons who do not Allen et al 2002 Children reading in the presence of a companion dog also experienced significantly decreased blood pressure even though they did not interact with the dog Friedmann et al 1983 Animals may also provide therapy in other scenarios examples of which are included in this book Senior Citizens living in care homes receiving regular visits from social animals such as cats and dogs may be established practise both here and in the EU but interestingly this book relates that US prisoners may be involved in working with stray dogs in order to help socialise and prepare them for re homing an activity which appears to benefit the prisoners at least as much as the dogs The concluding statement neatly sums up this book which is worth taking a look at Through gentle physical touch social animals including humans express an intrinsic interconnectedness When we touch another living being without preconception we experience this sacred oneness we feel connected whole and at ease Animals emanate deep stillness that is rooted in pure awareness It is not dependent on physical touch is free of thinking and therefore has a calming stressbuffering and uplifting effect on humans The mere presence of an animal is sacred 222 Page 222

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 28 Page 223 December 2018 Animal Technology and Welfare Instructions to Authors Subjects considered for publication may include original articles technical notes and reviews pertaining to all aspects of animal science and technology management and education The Editorial Board wishes to offer par ticular encouragement to papers leading to improvements in environmental enrichment the general care and welfare of the animals used in particular those species and strains exhibiting harmful genetic defects and papers describing refinements in techniques a reduction in the number of animals that need to be used or alternatives to animal use Papers describing experimental procedures will only be accepted for publication if authors clearly state that the procedures conform to the prevailing principles and Codes of Practice of the Animals Scientific Procedures Act 1986 Papers submitted from outside the U K should state what legislation and or ethical approval the work has been carried out under In addition authors who describe surgical techniques with recovery should include details of post operative care and any analgesic therapy provided All submissions should follow the ARRIVE Animal Research Repor ting of In Vivo Experiments guidelines Kilkenny C Browne WJ Cuthill IC Emerson M Altman DG 2010 Improving Bioscience Research Repor ting The ARRIVE Guidelines for Reporting Animal Research PLOS Biol 8 6 e1000412 doi 10 1371 journal pbio 1000412 The Editorial Board reser ves the right to seek independent advice on any aspect of the content of an article but the final decision on acceptance or rejection remains with the Board to the address below together with a copy on disk CD or DVD All sheets should be typewritten on one side in double spacing and serially numbered Any photographs or graphs should be supplied as originals and conform to the format in 4 below Address for submission Journal Editorial Board Chairman 5 South Parade Summertown Oxford OX2 7JL No responsibility will be accepted for loss or damage to such articles Electronic files of submissions are required together with separate files of photographs and any graphics that appear in the manuscript Electronic submissions should be sent via email via atw iat org uk alternatively manuscript plus two copies may be sent as hard copy to the address below All sheets should be typewritten on one side in double spacing with 4 cm margins and serially numbered Additionally a copy on disk should be provided or sent by email via atw iat org uk Articles for submission should be sent to Journal Editorial Board Chairman 5 South Parade Summertown Oxford OX2 7JL No responsibility will be accepted for loss or damage to such articles Format Submission Material submitted for publication will be considered provided that it is contributed exclusively to Animal Technology and becomes the property of the Institute of Animal Technology Articles may be submitted either electronically or by hard copy as follows Electronic Articles should be submitted in Word format with double spacing to the lines and all pages serially numbered Any photographs or graphs must be submitted as separate files and conform to the format in point 4 below The relevant ar ticle must clearly indicate where photographs and or graphs are to be inserted Address for submission atw iat org uk Hard copy The original manuscript plus two copies should be sent 1 The first sheet of the article should contain the following i the full title of the paper ii the initials and last name of the author s iii the full address of the depar tment s and institution s where the work was carried out iv the address for correspondence if different to above 2 For the remainder of the paper the text should be clear and concise and where appropriate sub divided under the following headings i ii iii iv v vi vii Summary Introduction Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgements References 3 Measurements should be given in metric units see The use of S I Units 1969 British Standards Institution publication and spelling should follow that of the Oxford 223

December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 28 Page 224 Instructions to Authors English Dictionary Abbreviations must be defined in full at their first appearance in the text The 24 hour clock should be used for times Words to appear in italic type should be underlined Designation of inbred strains should be in accordance with the International Index of Laboratory Animals 6th edition compiled edited and published by M W Festing 1993 e g Gregory J A 1985 Principles of Animal Husbandry In Laboratory Animals An Introduction for Experimenters Second Edition Tuffrey A A John Wiley Sons Ltd Chichester 87 105 Papers accepted for publication but not yet published should be included in the list of references followed by in press Papers in preparation personal communications and unpublished observations should be referred to as such in the text only 4 Photographs should have clear and well contrasted tone values and be in colour All illustrations charts e g histograms and graphs and photographs should be submitted separately and bear on the reverse side the author s name a number corresponding to the order in which it appears in the text e g Figure 1 and an arrow pointing to the top Content Illustrations charts and photographs supplied on disk should be in JPEG TIFF or EPS formats and have a resolution of no less than 300dpi Animals The captions for illustrations charts and photographs should be typed in double spacing in numerical order on a separate sheet of paper 5 References Only essential references should be included Authors are responsible for verifying them against the original source material ATW uses the Vancouver referencing system references should be identified in the text by superscript Arabic numbers e g 12 after any punctuation and numbered and listed at the end of the paper in the order of when they are first cited in the text Automatic numbering should be avoided References should include the names and initials of up to six authors If there are more than six authors only the first three should be named followed by et al Publications for which no author is apparent may be attributed to the organisation from which they originate Simply omit the name of the author for anonymous journal articles avoid using Anonymous References should be set out as follows Journals Surname and initials of author s date title of article Name of journal in full volume number first and last page numbers e g Saigeman S 1998 Environmental enhancement of cats what why how Animal Technology Vol 49 No 3 145 154 Books Surname and initials of author s date title of book Name of publisher Town of publisher e g Flecknell P A 1987 Laborator y Anaesthesia Academic Press London Animal Chapter from a multi author book Surname and initials of chapter author s date title of chapter In title of book surname and initials of book editors Name of publisher Town of publisher first and last page numbers of chapter 224 Papers describing procedures involving the use of animals should always include full details of the animals and husbandry conditions used These would be as follows Species Breed or strain Sex Age and weight at start of procedure Genetic status inbred outbred hybrid mutant Source Microbiological status conventional specified pathogen free define which pathogens animals are free from gnotobiotic define which micro organisms are present Quarantine or acclimatisation period Husbandry during procedure Type of housing material size cage type if relevant Number of animals per cage or unit Bedding type quality any pretreatment Type of system conventional barrier ventilated rack isolator Environmental temperature C range Relative Humidity range Lighting natural artificial state hours of light and dark Ventilation number of air changes per hour Period of acclimatisation before start of procedure Feed type composition any pretreatment amount frequency Water type quality any pretreatment amount frequency Scientific procedure Number of animals and any pretreatment Time of day of procedure s Quantity and frequency of any samples Statistics Tests used should be named Reprints Free reprints are no longer provided but the ATW Editorial Board are happy to provide PDF files of articles after publication Use of these files is subject to Copyright restrictions

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December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 28 Page 226 As part of IAT Technologist Month next March there will be lots of activity going on in your local IAT branches and within some of your establishments as well as a big quiz to get involved with This event invites you to celebrate being an Animal Technician in the UK Look out for further updates

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December18 Animal Technology and Welfare 20 12 18 07 28 Page 232 INDEX TO ADVERTISERS December 2018 Allentown Inc OBC AS ET xiv AVID plc xiii Bell Isolation Systems Ltd vii Contec iii xv Datesand Ltd IFC Institute of Animal Technology iv vi xii xvi xviii IPS Product Supplies Ltd IBC LBS v PFI Systems Ltd xi xvii Special Diets Services viii Tecniplast UK Ltd x